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B F Skinner Research Paper

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B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist who believed learning related more behavior than it had the internal mental process. It came down to consequences of actions. His theory of which he developed is known as the operant conditioning Theory. Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences. The two main types of operant conditioning are positive and negative reinforcement. The Positive Reinforcement is that if a teacher wants a behavior to reoccur, they must provide to desirable consequence that the student will continue to do the behavior to receive that consequence. For example, giving them a gold star each time they complete homework. The students will continue to do homework to get that gold star. The Negative Reinforcement is that if a teacher …show more content…

Skinner created a box, known as the Skinner Box, that used rats to observe behavior. There was a lever and after a few times of the rat bumping it, it would dispense food. Eventually the rats would go straight to it continuing to bump it. This is when Skinner discovered that providing a positive reinforcement with increase the desirable behavior. He did a similar experiment using shocking to observe the effect negative reinforcement. Personalizing learning are very challenging to understand. As an educator, we need to understand leads to students needs and provide about differentiate instruction. Differentiate instruction is an approach whereby teachers adjust their curriculum and instruction to maximize the learning of all students. Differentiate instruction not only single strategy, but the teacher can use to variety of strategies may include grouping students for instruction. Differentiate instruction, teachers can demonstrate and be ready for the lessons to address the needs students. Before the lesson teachers can do, however, they must first get to know their students before they can start the lesson what are they are going teach. Readiness is important to the

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In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.

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903 Words | 4 Pages

Skinner in 1938.Operant conditioning is a form of learning which explains the relation of behaviors on certain rewards and consequences. The study of the theory only deals with expressible behaviors and not any internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms. Operant Conditioning works by applying two major concepts, Reinforcements and Punishments, after the behavior is executed, which causes the rate of behavior to increase or decrease. Skinner’s Skinner box experiment with a rat is the base for operant conditioning theory and its concepts. The main principle comprises changing environmental events that are related to a person's behavior.

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1267 Words | 6 Pages

Through The Psychologist Eye In Lauren Slater’s book, “Opening Skinner’s Box,” we discover in the first three chapters the mysteries behind a few psychological experiments and the discoveries that three profound psychologists have made. Each chapter is about a different psychologist, the first is B.F. Skinner; a behaviorist who designed a process of learning in which behavior is controlled, he called this operant conditioning. Lauren Slater wanted people to know about his experiment, she read his books, talked to friends and family members to unearth the features behind this man. She found that he was a loving father, who could train animals to do unordinary things, like play the piano for an example, through the processes of operant conditioning,

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Skinners experiment was based on operant conditioning, using the concept of discrimination learning, he carried out experiments on animals with the idea that their behaviour is predetermined by their environment and using a well controlled environment would allow him to in turn control their behaviours using a range of triggers. Using reinforcement and expectancy, the animal associates acting out certain behaviours with rewards. (Toates, F., 2010, pp. 165-167) After performing a number of experiments on rats using mazes, he subsequently designed the Skinner box.

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In total, Skinner published nearly two hundred articles and over twenty books. Skinner continued to write about his life and theories until he was diagnosed with leukemia in 1989. Today Skinner's preferred field of behaviorism is no longer a dominant school of thought, but his developments in operant conditioning continues to be used by mental health professionals who use reinforcement and punishment to alter behavior in the classroom and even by animal trainers. His work won him several awards from 1966 to 1990 including the Edward Lee Thorndike Award, the National Merit of Science from President Lyndon B. Johnson, the Gold Medal of the American Psychological Foundation and the Human of the Year Award and the Citation for Outstanding

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The adaptions I made would be effective for Guillermo because they are specific to him. Teachers must try to get to know their students better in order to identify what instructional methods and materials work best for each child. Differentiated instruction is a way to get through to children who have very diverse learning styles and ways of expressing themselves. It is a way to get students to master challenging academic content in different ways. Teachers have to understand that each child is different and learns their own way and at their own time.

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a. Positive reinforcement refers to empowering the response and making the response stronger and pleasantly repeatable. Positive reinforcement sometimes comes in the form of treats or toys for well-behaved children. b. Negative reinforcement refers to empowering the response by eliminating something unwanted and welcome. For example, parents giving into children’s unpleasant screeching by buying them a toy exemplifies negative reinforcement. c. Positive punishment refers to punishment by supplying someone with an object or action that they do not want.

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It is very important to know the goals for each child and to know that child’s specific way of learning. One of the best ways to go about this is through differentiated instruction and through Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory. Differentiated instruction helps the teacher be able to make individualized plans that include that child’s learning style. Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory will help show the best way the child learns and works with others, while at the same time showing things they are interested in. Both of these methods also make it much easier to adapt to children with special needs.

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Positive reinforcement help increases the same probability of happening again. Negative reinforcement is the opposite you take away the probability to happen again. For example in positive reinforcement, a child is given a candy for good behavior the child

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790 Words | 4 Pages

Differentiated instruction is a development or process to approach a way of teaching and learning for students with different skills and assessments in the same class. The determination of differentiating instruction is to enlarge each student’s development and individual achievement by gathering each student where as he / she is assisting in the learning development.

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The rat moves around the cage and accidently pulls a lever which will produce pellets of food for the rat. However, if they travel around the cage there is a certain spot which will electrocute the rat and he won’t go to that spot again. This is called negative reinforcement. This is an aversive stimulus and when it follows a response it serves to decrease the response. Now positive reinforcement is a stimulus which when follows a response it serves to increase the response.

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Differentiation, with respect to instruction, means tailoring it to meet individual needs of the students. Teachers can differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction. Teachers differentiate the four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile. (Tomlinson 2000). Differentiated instruction can be known as an organizing framework in teaching and learning which calls for a major restructuring in the classroom and syllabus, if done in the proper way, its benefits will transgress the costs.

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Then, it was B.F. Skinner who made the concept became popular and well-known throughout the world and even pinned the name of operant conditioning to this concept That is why, he is called the Father of Operant Conditioning and his famous experiment, the Skinner Box. Operant conditioning determinants’ are reinforce, nature response and time interval between response and reinforcement. On the other hand, classical conditioning is a learning way that connects between two stimuli which produce natural response. It measures one stimulus that

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1055 Words | 5 Pages

B.F. Skinner created the operant conditioning theory which is now known as the behaviour modification theory. This theory goes to show that an individuals behaviour can be controlled by using reinforcements and consequences. For example, if you achieve the desired outcome you receive a reward whilst if you do the opposite you receive a punishment. This theory helps to push people to do more good than bad. Therefore, B.F. Skinner’s theory helps to promote positive activity, and he does this by establishing consequences and reinforcements.

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2302 Words | 10 Pages

Lessons are designed according to students learning difficulties. Students’ prior knowledge is assessed through the pre-tests and interviews as assessment tools to inform the content of the lessons. According to Hodge (2010), the key component of an effective lesson is when the teacher understands and knows about the topic. As Variation Theory using learning study is collaborative in its nature, teachers gain more knowledge on the topic as they discuss and meet to share their past experiences about teaching the topic before proceeding to the

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