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Piaget's Social Learning Theory

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There is evidence and arguments that behavioral learning can be impacted by human nature, social environment, and personal factors in human being lives . Freud psychodynamic theory plays the causes of behavior in the individual in which states that behavior was driven by unconscious impulses and complexes within the individual personal and behavior aspects.

Behavioral Learning
Social learning theory is one of the most influential theories because it is the view people learn by observing others.
Social learning theory is one of the most influential theories of learning and human development and is rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning. The theory focuses on learning that occurs within a social …show more content…

Lawrence Kohlberg moral reasoning is similar to Piaget, but a little more advanced and broken down into six stages. Piaget and Kohlberg established that children understood morality dealt with rules and consequences. Even though there are some similarities’ between the two men moral development, there is a difference too. Piaget based his moral development theories on children ranging from infancy to adolescents. Kohlberg on the other hand did not specify an age range for his moral development. Kohlberg believed that Piaget logical structures are needed, but not sufficient for advances in moral reasoning and judgment. Piaget’s theory is based on biological development rather than socialization development like Kohlberg’s. As Kohlberg has shown, using a Socratic method of examination in the areas of ethics expands one's moral reasoning abilities but unless we develop the character of students as well, they will continue to miss the connection between moral reasoning and moral action (Forsha, …show more content…

Operant Conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment systematically to facilitate learning (Darity, Jr ., 2008). In operant conditioning, some researchers think that behavior can changed by using positive or negative reinforcements. Positive reinforcements is rewarding someone for good behavior. For example, giving a dog a treat for rolling over. Negative reinforcements is taking something from someone for bad behavior. Example would be taking away a child privilege to play video games because of a bad grade at school. Originally, operant conditioning theory was apparently conceived of as being under rigorous behavioristic constraints, that is, as being restricted to external, observable behavior. (Erickson , 1979). Skinner and his colleagues and students discovered in the ensuing decades a completely unsuspected range of powerful and orderly schedule effects that provided new tools for understanding learning processes and new phenomena to challenge theory (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003). Operant conditioning consist of three contingency: antecedent (stimulus), the behavior (response), and

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Operant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior

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Mr. Byrne's Operant Conditioning

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Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

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They learn from observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and the outcomes of those behaviors This theory is often referred to as a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. Richard Ramirez is prime example of the social learning theory. He wanted respect from his cousin, and tried to gain it by modeling his behavior towards the crimes that he saw happening to women from the photos that his cousin showed him after he returned from Vietnam. Shortly after his cousin’s return, he started doing drugs and later turned violent. He heard stories from his cousin about how he brutally attacked women, and fed off his cousin’s body language while he told the stories of what he did to those

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First, the Social Learning theory is defined as when people or in this case juveniles learn from each other from either observation, imitation, or modeling. The version of this theory

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The Socio Behaviorist Theory

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The Socio-behaviorist theory (behaviorism) Socio-behaviorists often study how children 's experiences model their behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Behaviorism believes that what matters is not the development itself, but the external factors that shape children 's behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). This theory demonstrates that teachers and mentors dominate and instruct child-related activities, and they decide what children should learn and how to learn (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Reinforcement, which is an essential factor that helps children to learn particular behaviors, generally refers to rewards and punishments (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Children are more likely to repeat actions that result in receiving praise; in contrast, they may ignore or abandon behaviors that make them get punishment.

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Conclusion Operant conditioning is a theory which was developed by an American psychologist named B.F. Skinner. This theory has been known as a learning process. It applies to four different methods, that consists of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. In this case positive is seen as something being added and negative as something being taken away.

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Theories Of Social Learning Theory

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At some point in our lives, we have learned by observing the behaviors of others. Observation can play a very important role in determining what and how we learn. It can have positive or negative effects on one 's development and behavior, especially in children. This is demonstrated in the social learning theory.

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Piagetian Theory And Vygotsky's Theory Of Cognitive Development

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Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who regarded cognitive development as a maturational process (Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010). Piaget constructed his conclusions through the observation of his own children and children at his Centre of Genetic Epistemology in Geneva. Piaget observed that children depend on an altered type of thinking when compared to the way in which adults think. A child’s thinking is qualitatively different than an adult’s thinking. Through his study, Piaget found that children of a similar age are inclined to behave in a similar manner and make similar mistakes when problem-solving.

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Jean Piaget, known for his interest in the Epistemology in children is seen as the pioneer of Developmental Psychology. Piaget 's Cognitive development theory led to a great deal of research work in the field of educational philosophy . But in the discipline of Psychology, every theory has been faced with a counter theory or an alternative. So is the case with Piaget 's theory. Lev Vygotsky, a soviet psychologist came up with the socio-cultural theory, which is another strong theory emphasizing child development and is seen as a major counter theory to Piaget 's work (Saul McLeod, 2004).

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Criticism on Social Learning Theory Introduction Social learning theory is a theory related to classical and operant conditioning, which proposed by Albert Bandura in 1977. According to Albert Bandura, people are active agents in learning while they use cognition and social interaction in learning (Rogers, 2010). Albert Bandura considered that people are living in the environment, therefore, human behavior should be studied in social context rather than in laboratory (Bandura, 1977).

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Theoretical Framework The study anchored to the following theories: Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1986) and Physiological Models of addiction (Gonzales, Hatukami & Rigotti 1988) were taken to stand for respondents addiction on cigarette smoking. Health Belief Model Theory (Janz & Becker 1984), Protection Motivation Theory (Cheng, Gong & Sun 1990) and Stage model of Initiation and Progression Theory (Sun, Unger & Sussman 2005) were taken to stands for respondents coping strategies. Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1986) is an extension of social learning theory, posits that people learn from one another through observation, instruction, or modeling. It expands on behaviorism by explaining behavior as a product of reciprocal interactions

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Basically, operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment as the way of changes in behaviour or pattern permanently. Operant describes as voluntary response of living organism. The individual response is affected by the later consequences. In short, it is just an easy process of learning that tends to response more when the outcome is manipulated. Operant conditioning was found by Polish neurophysiologist Jerzy Konorsky.

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1. B.F. Skinner: Behaviour modification Positive and negative reinforcements or rewards and punishments are used to modify or shape learner’s behaviour. B. F. Skinner’s entire system is based on operant conditioning. The organism is in the process of "operating" on the environment, which in ordinary terms means it is bouncing around its world, doing what it does. During this "operating," the organism encounters a special kind of stimulus, called a reinforcing stimulus, or simply a reinforcer.

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Compare And Contrast Piaget And Kohlberg

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Similarities and differences of both theories. Similarities Differences • Both Piaget and Kohlberg focus their theories on children • Both theories explain the development of young children • Similar to Piaget, early stages of moral reasoning are characterized by immediate and concrete rewards or punishments. • Kohlberg posited that moral reasoning develops as a function of cognitive growth and change as well as experiences and interactions with the environment, and in this way was similar to Piaget. • Both these psychologists are criticized for not really describing human development fully. • Kohlberg’s theory is really one of cognitive development as applied to moral understanding because he believed that children developed their moral principles primarily though thinking about them.

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