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Dilated Cardiomyopathy Case Study

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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition which affects the heart muscle. The left ventricle of the heart becomes enlarged which can result in the inefficiency of blood being pumped around the body. In Lily’s situation, this was a genetic condition however this condition may also be caused by viral infections, auto-immune disease or even pregnancy (British heart foundation, 2017).
Development
According to Feldman, (2004) children with chronic medical conditions are expected to require longer hospital stays. There are many issues which can impact childhood development on the hospitalised child. Factors that can affect age-appropriate development include the type of health condition the patient has, coping mechanisms of both patient and their families, the length of hospital stay and the extent of parental involvement in their child’s care (Lehner and Sadler, 2015).
Physical and motor development is often …show more content…

(1992) conducted a study on 250 women who had lost their mother either through separation or death by the time they were 17. The study found that the rate of anxiety and depression was doubled. the study also found that the rate of depression was at its highest with those women whose mothers had died before they reached 6 years of age. Relating this study to Lily, although her mother is still present in her life, the time she spends with her is limited.
Although Bowlby did not argue that young children may develop multiple attachments, he did have the viewpoint that a mother’s attachment is unique and the most powerful. However, Schaffer and Emerson (1964) discussed that it only by 8 months’ that specific relationships are formed and shortly after young children become attached to more people. Rutter (1972) noted that common attachment indicators such as crying or becoming distressed when the so called attached person leaves have been conveyed for other attachment family members such as siblings, peers and even

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Bowlby, Harlow, and Ainsworth each had unique positions on infant attachment and adult relationships. All three researchers pointed out that children become attached or unattached depending on the amount and type of love and affection they receive from birth. Each had a different way of creating their study. Harlow used baby monkeys taken from their mothers and replacing mom with either a metal or a terry cloth covered mom.

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This essay will analyze main events in the life of Bowlby and will provide possible links between these and his attachment theory. This essay will study the key features of the attachment theory by relating it to infants in their development. I will reflect on how the attachment theory relates to my life by explaining how the secure attachment I have had to my primary caregivers have caused me to become a functioning member of society who can relate intimately to others. I will also reflect on how the attachment theory relates to my future vocation by explaining how the lack of an intimate attachment between a child and his primary caregivers have caused the child to become an avoidant member of society. Bowlby was born in 1907 in London and raised in an upper-middle-class family (Cherry, 2017).

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1172 Words | 5 Pages

Common disease specific presentation Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common identified cause of SCD.16 It is also the most common inherited cardiomyopathy and has prevalence of 0.2% (1 in 500) in the general population.19 It is generally inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, with variable penetrance of the phenotype. Left ventricular hypertrophy can also be acquired, such as that seen in longstanding hypertension, however whether there is an increased risk for SCD is not well understood. Thus, the presentation of children with HCM can range from asymptomatic detected by routine screening to SCD to exertional symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath or chest pain.20 HCM can occur at any age but is rare in young children less than 10 years of age; when presenting

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Although we are studying theories, some of them appear to explain human behavior and personality with certain accuracy. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth theories of attachment can also explain what happens to people when attachment to their parents or caregivers is healthy or potential problems that could occur due to detachments. They suggest that individuals raised with secure attachments to their primary caregivers help them to feel secure; moreover, these children appear to be more socially skilled and less likely to experience major emotional disturbances. However, failure to form healthy attachments, especially mother-child, could serve as a descriptive mechanism for many negative psychological outcomes later in the life of an individual,

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The term attachment is used widely when focusing on children’s early relationships. An attachment can be thought of as a unique emotional tie or bond between a child and another person which usually is an adult. Research shows that the quality of these bonds or attachments will shape a child’s ability to form other relationships later on in life. In the 1950’s a theorist John Bowlby identified that children and young people’s mental health and behaviour could be linked to separation from a child’s primary carer. He also identified that young children can show separation anxiety if their primary carer is not there for them.

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With research, it has become apparent that there is a correspondence between mothers and children on the basis that attachment. Attachment depends on the reaction from mothers to her child’s emotional cues. (Feldman, 2012, Chapter

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In 1969, John Bowlby made the connection that formed relationships and attachments to caregivers contributes to future development and growth. The attachment theory focuses on relationship association between caregivers and their children. Children who established a foundation with a caregiver despite their biological relation, gain much needed support. Establishing support, encourages a child’s development. The comfort of safety, allows children to feel secure in taking risks (Groman, 2012).

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890 Words | 4 Pages

One of the main theories in Developmental psychology is the attachment theory that was devised by Bowlby (1969) and was added to in 1973, by Mary Ainsworth. The attachment theory surrounds the bond between a primary care giver and a baby. They believe that attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space. In 1930 Bowlby worked as a psychiatrist in a children’s unit, where he treated many emotionally disturbed children, this lead him to consider the relationship between mother and child and the impact that could have on the child’s development. Bowlby believed that the attachment process was an all or nothing process and that you either were attached or were not attached.

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According to the PowerPoint and readings of (Bowlby) Attachment theory “comes from safety & security, development in early life, usually towards a specific individual, endures throughout a large a large part of the life cycle”. However it’s also stated in Bowlby theory young animals and children venture out away from the safety of their parents or persons whom they were attached to come back. Conversely in the case of my grandmother she will never come

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Because of this inability to contract effectively, the rest of the vital organs receive inadequate amount of blood resulting to inadequate tissue perfusion. There are two types of left-sided HF; systolic and diastolic failure. Systolic failure happens when the left ventricle doesn’t have the enough energy to pump normally the blood to the general circulation. As for diastolic failure, the left ventricle loses the ability to fill itself with blood during resting period resulting to inadequate amount of blood to be pumped out to the circulation (Weinrauch, 2008). The diastolic dysfunction will eventually lead to right-sided heart failure.

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Less commonly found is the ability ventricular diastolic failure to accept blood is altered. It may be the result of abnormal relaxation, short, incomplete or slow that may be transient as in acute ischemia or myocardial hypertrophy claim that restrictive cardiomyopathy secondary concentric or infiltrative diseases such as amyloidosis. The main clinical manifestations result from cardiac systolic failure and inadequate sodium retention and appear secondary, while the main clinical manifestation is insufficient diastolic ventricular filling pressure increase circulation and increased pressure upstream ventricle with pulmonary or systemic

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2144 Words | 9 Pages

“A VSD is the most common type of heart malformation present at birth” (10). It is estimated that the majority of congenital defects can be explained on the basis of simple dominant or recessive inheritance, while 10 percent of them can be attribute to viral infections, intrinsic factors and or major chromosomal abnormalities (14). It has been shown that chromosomal abnormalities such as down syndrome can be attributed to the onset of a ventricular septal defect in an individual. Septal defects are the result of abnormal development of the interatrial septum.

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1318 Words | 6 Pages

Coyne and Conlon (2007) state that children experience hospitalisation as stressful and frightening. This can be influenced by factors such as age, preparation given beforehand, family support at home, previous experiences of hospitalisation, stage of illness, uncertain outcomes and loss of self-determination. (Coyne, 2011) Historically, Frazier et al (2010) suggests that hospitalisation lead to once happy children becoming irritable and withdrawn due to restricted visitation and little if any family involvement in care. This can leave long-term physical and psychological effects on the child, where studies have shown that multiple hospitalisations of a chronically ill child can lead to emotional and behavioural problems in later life.

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1020 Words | 5 Pages

Bowlby 's attachment theory had vast investigation done by Mary Ainsworth, who studied the interactions between mother and child, specifically, the theme of an infant’s investigation of their surroundings and the separation from their mother. This essay will focus on Bowlby’s attachment theory and Mary Ainsworth’s experiments and findings, discussing their views on the development and importance of attachment in early life. John Bowlby’s primary interest was in the relationship between child and mother or primary caregiver. Bowlby suspected that the earliest relationships formed by children and their primary parent or care giver, have huge impacts on the child’s later life. From this, Bowlby developed the attachment theory.

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Since the ‘50s, Bowlby worked alone and with distinguished colleagues such as psychoanalyst James Robertson, ethologist/zoologist Robert Hinde and psychologist Mary Ainsworth on several different studies. Bowlby suggested that due to the attachment between children and their carers, children suffer loss when they are separated. Bowlby’s study with the ethologist Robert Hinde, inspired the idea that certain attachment behaviours have evolved as a survival mechanism (Bergen, 2008). The core of the theory today is that the quality of close relationships affects personality, emotional and social development not only in childhood but throughout the life of the individual (Howe, 2001). This suggests that attachment theory is effectively a biological, psychological and social theory of human development.

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