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Influenza Research Paper

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Influenza has been around for a long time as early as 400 BC has been described. Influenza known as “the flu”, is an infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Generally, the virus spreads in the air through coughing or sneezing. When an infected person sneezes or coughs over 500,000 particles of virus can spread to nearby people. The flu can be spread in three main ways. The first is direct transmission. When the infected person sneezes directly into the nose or mouth of another person. The second is airborne route. When someone inhales an aerosol produced by an infected person who coughs, sneezes or spits. As well as hand-to-eye, hand-to-nose or hand-to-mouth transmission from contaminated surfaces or direct personal contact such as handshaking. …show more content…

It is said to be the most devastating outbreak in world history. More people died of the flu in a single year than those who died in the four years of Black Plague from 1347 to 1351. In addition, it killed more people in 25 weeks than AIDS killed in 25 years. The 1918-1919 flu also known as "Spanish flu" was a global catastrophe. Epidemics become unmanageable at alarming speeds because people might not use proper treatment, lack of herd immunity. In one droplet, there is about 100,000 – 1,000,000 virus particles. Moreover, symptomatic people don’t stay at home. Flu has really short incubation period usually is about 1-4 days and can be explored quickly. Flu is mainly treated by rest and drinking plenty of water, so that the body can resist infection by immune system. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory painkiller may help ease the muscle aches. Furthermore, washing hands frequently can reduce the risk of virus transmission. Wearing surgical masks are also useful. Seasonal vaccines are the most effective way to prevent influenza. Besides that, antiviral drugs such as M2 inhibitors and NA inhibitors are available for treatment …show more content…

These percentages may be quite high in some specific geographic regions or age groups, especially when novel influenza viruses encounter people who lack sufficient immune responses. During the annual influenza epidemic, life loss and economic loss are considerable, and may be even greater during the global outbreak of a new strain (pandemic). Epidemics can also cause public anxiety, leading to interruptions in daily life. In addition to the impact on human health, the outbreak of the flu virus can also cause considerable losses to the poultry

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This is an ethical and moral duty nurse, added that threatens the health, religion or life of patients who avoid vaccination, other than of philosophical reason, you can protect patients from cross-transmission. Recently Poland Jacobson as you did with other vaccines, e.g., measles, mumps, rubella and varicella is recommended enacting influenza vaccination of HCWs (Healthcare Worker). This view was supported by the mandatory vaccination argue that supporters can be justified in a given moral safety record of the influenza vaccine. In addition, failure, his own, to achieve the required number to despite the 70 percent vaccination rate for employees of the results from Johns Hopkins University Hospital (JHUH) of volunteer programs, senior epidemiologist

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It is highly contagious and can be transferred person to person via close contact such as touching something that is contaminated and proceeding to touch one’s eyes, nose or mouth. It can also be transmitted by respiratory secretions or droplet exposure ("Interim Guidance", 2010). People who are at high risk of getting infected by the H1N1 influenza virus include children under five years old, people 65 and older, people who have chronic illnesses, pregnant women and people who have compromised immune systems (Krause & Poceta, 2017). The symptoms of the H1N1 virus are very similar to symptoms of regular influenza and include nausea and vomiting, fever, diarrhea, coughing, sore throat and

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Infected droplets are expelled into the air through coughing or sneezing. Both diseases were increased by trade. The disease initially followed Caravan routes and then, with aid of European Shipping and the accompanying rats, by 1346 arrived in the Crimea. The spread of the disease had started throughout the known world. Swine flu history parallels the rise of domestication of livestock and increase in trade.

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The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 was one of the fastest spreading diseases in world history. It was first traced back to Kansas, in the United States at Camp Funston during WWI in the early months of March (Influenza 1918-19). Only six days after it was first reported,

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The vaccine market is worth 24 billion dollars and are protected from lawsuits if the side effects are dangerous or deadly. The flu vaccine is used in the medical industry to inject a flu virus in you to protect your immune system. They used this protecting you from the flu virus a common disease and it high points are in January-March. The pharmaceutical market makes it possible for the flu shot to be in pharmacies,clinics and hospitals. It was developed in 1938 by 2 men by the names Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis.

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The military did play a large role when it came to the spreading of the flu and it's said that that's what caused it to move across the atlantic. The flu infected nearly 40% of the U.S military and navy, the flu at the time had a high mortality rate which hurt us’s training schedule with the military. Once the flu was under control the US army had entirely new rules to learn. The military had to learn how to properly and effectively sanitize as well as test any water supplies, vaccinate their troops, and treat or prevent other infectious viruses. At this point, history had repeated itself, as many viruses similar to influenza started due to armies, weapons and battlefield illnesses.

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(Spinney) The flu also spread during World War 1, with 40% of the navy and 36% of the army coming down with the disease. (“Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918”) It isn’t clear which country exactly it came from though, so “the Spanish flu” is wrongfully named. When the Spanish flu came to Spain, the people there thought it came from another country, and they were right.

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Like the Spanish Flu, Covid-19 is a highly contagious virus that led to a global crisis, becoming a pandemic. Both pandemics have claimed millions of lives worldwide, causing widespread devastation. However, advancements in medical science have allowed for rapid vaccine development, providing a significant remedy against Covid-19. Vaccination efforts have played a crucial role in gaining immunity and controlling the spread of the

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Vaccination against influenza is the most important intervention used by public health to prevent unnecessary hospitalization and death among high risk populations. In order to create a program one must understand the target group. Therefore, the study would be conducted on the group of people who are particularly at high risk of getting the flu or those who are less likely to receive medical care. Questions would be asked to determine their greatest needs and what can be done to improve the health of the community. To understand the needs of these individuals, a discussion will take place with community and social service staff that work directly with the high risk populations.

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The regulations put out by government ensured that the outbreak would come to an immediate halt, and if a new epidemic were to sweep through the states, it would be derailed. Another outbreak of influenza became prevalent in England in 1933. A doctor was able to isolate the disease and noticed how it spread. Lots of this was due to research from the Spanish Influenza, and the death toll was much lower. (Youngdahl)

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The traumatic event of influenza in America from 1918-1920 decimated entire communities. The death toll of Americans citizens was about half a million people. The exact origin of the flu is unknown. There is evidence that the flu originated in Asia and or the United States of America. Even though the exact origin of the flu is unknown the deadly consequences still impact the science and politics of the United States of America.

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In his book The Great Influenza and in other articles, Barry builds on Jordan’s findings to argue that flu overwhelmed a local doctor in Haskell County, Loring Miner, forcing him to sleep in his buggy between night calls until he eventually became so perplexed by the disease that he filed a report with the United States Public Health Service in late March.32 But this note comprises only single sentence in the 5 April 1918 issue of Public Health Reports. It reads: ‘On March 30, 1918, the occurrence of 18 cases of influenza of severe type, from which 3 deaths resulted, was reported at Haskell, Kansas. ’33 Using the local gossip columns of the Santa Fe Monitor, Barry was able to further elaborate on the significance of this otherwise obscure reference to flu activity, suggesting that these cases had actually occurred in February but were only reported at the end of March before finally being published in April.34

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