Question One:
How can expectancy theory be used to explain the differences in motivation between Abbas & Salwa? What specifics from the case apply to expectancy theory?
Expectancy theory is defined that the strength of tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. So, the two of them are university students so the result they're expecting will be that they would have quite the same or similar opportunities and same amount of money paid. Salwa has a lot of elements that are given to her in the job characteristics model like task identity and also autonomy since she's able to create a product at the culinary center while Abbas isn’t treated the same as Salwa, he's working in one area without any other tasks given to him that could be considered motivational. Abbas doesn't believe that performing a high level will results into a desired outcome like additional pay or comissions. The rewards are not number one priority according to his needs. For example, stocking more produce may only result in a sticker which is valueless or small value for Abbas while on the other hand, Salwa has the opportunity to make an additional good
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She has been given so many tasks that keeps her away from boredom and her job is fulfilling, therefore her level of work stress is so low. In contrast, Abbas's stress level is high with many perceived injustices and same boring work. His attitude and behavior are always poor and negative. Now since their managers have different styles of Theory X for Abbas and Theory Y for Salwa. Abbas will probably quit as soon as he finds another job offer because he cant keep going in this place where hes not respect nor treated well. While on the other side Salwa is content with position she has and present and future