Therefore carrots and sticks don’t work. In Chapter 2, “if-then” rewards can give us less of what we want they can extinguish intrinsic motivation, diminish performance and crowd out good behavior. According to pink, “Rewarding an activity will get you more of it, punishing an activity will get you less of it.” For
. Who Is the Direct Target of This Policy, Meaning Who Will It Most Affect? Do Members of the Direct Target Population Come from Any Specific Demographic Groups? This policy is aimed at the poor that receive welfare benefits.
The general argument made by author Pamela DeLoatch in her work, "The Long-Term Effects of Skipping Your Reading Homework", is that when a student reads they have a better vocabulary, and they will have an advantage of the other students that didn’t read their 20 minutes when they were younger. More specifically, DeLoatch argues that children should read because they can have better communication skills and will be able to come up with better ideas. She writes, “The theory is that reading exposes students to new ideas, which may make new math concepts easier to comprehend”. In this passage, DeLoatch is suggesting that children should read their 20 minutes they are suppose to because it can really help them in the future with their social and
In “Why University Students Don’t Read: What Professors Can Do To Increase Compliance” Mary E. Hoeft questions whether why students don’t like to read the assigned textbooks. Hoeft found that it is essential to know that there is a multiple of things we can do to boost the completion of reading assignments, for the professors who consider reading completion to be the main component to schooling (qtd. in Hoft 15). Some of these things could include could giving out quizzes, supplementary assignments, and to give reminders and making it interesting at the same time. While Hoeft suggest that reading completion is a team effort between the students and faculty, the emphasis of her argument is on whether students care about what they are reading.
1. When discussing programming of generality of behavior, with regards to training situation vs the target situation training situation refers to the settings in which the behaviour is initially strengthened, and the target situation refers to the settings in which we want the behaviour to occur 6. The teaching of a rule may facilitate operant stimulus generalization because generalization by teaching an individual to program common stimuli in different novel situations. The general factor for programming for generalization that seems to be operating is programming common stimuli. For example, telling a child not to play with their food during dinner at home can program the child to rehearse this rule in other settings such as restaurants and other people’s houses.
Although none of them have ever said so directly, my parents and teachers have often given me the impression that I was one of these children who read too much. During class, I would be so engrossed in a novel that I would miss an important formula. My mother would look at me during family functions and plead with me to put down my book and “actually talk to people.” Of course, many will probably disagree with this assertion that reading is not always beneficial. Nevertheless, both followers and critics of this assertion will probably agree that reading, as all things, is only good in certain quantities.
Caldwell, Kathleen, and Thomas Gaine. "The Phantom Tollbooth" and how the Independent Reading of Good Books Improves Student's Reading Performance. 2000. ProQuest. Web. 15 Nov. 2015.
Overall, the first major issue at Engstrom is motivation. The productivity as well as the quality of the products has deteriorated over the years along with the company’s revenue, causing the employees to lose their incentive to work because nothing is motivating them. Additionally, one of the causes leading to the decline of motivation is the lack of positive reinforcements. A positive reinforcement is when an individual is rewarded for a desirable behavior, which in turn will encourage the repetition of that behavior. For example, when you praise a staff member for doing an excellent job, there is a good chance he or she will repeat that same behavior.
In order to get my dog to stop barking I would try implementing positive reinforcement. In order to do this I would walk over to the dog when he began barking and put a treat up to his nose to smell. Once he smelled the treat (which should cause him to stop barking) I would then reward him with the treat for his quietness, and begin using the word hush at the same time. Finally, I would continue this positive reinforcement each time he barked until he learned to associate that when he hears the word hush he will know to stop
While it may be true that even if a student is reading Sports Illustrated, they will still become more literate and reflective than if they hadn’t read at all, it is also true that the student is then less likely to read the same desired material outside of class because they are already being forced to read it inside of class. Moreover, if class time is spent reading something such as Malcolm Gladwell’s Outliers: The Story of Success, the student will be more inclined to read Sports Illustrated outside of class; thus, increasing their reading time altogether. On the report of Engaging Schools: Fostering High School Students’ Motivation to Learn, “studies have shown that students who read outside of school become better readers (Anderson, Wilson, and Fielding, 1988; Fielding, 1994; Guthrie, Schafer, Wang, and Afflerbach, 1995)” (64). Therefore, by engaging in materials which the students may not be interested in during the school day, they will be more likely to read other subject matters outside of school and consequently increase their reading
According to B.F. Skinner, in a school situation, “Good instruction demands two things. Students must be told immediately whether what they do is right or wrong and, when right, they must be directed the next step to be taken.” Working with high schoolers to put on a production seems easier than it actually is. With kids coming in late and others messing around during rehearsals, my approach to the students much change. To address these issues, I have designed four different programs that illustrate the four different methods of operant conditioning.
Ryan, a student that 's unsure on where to apply to college, has psychological reasonings that contribute to his indecisiveness. Applying to colleges is a extremely important process and decision making occurrence that includes aspects such as availability heuristic, self- fulfilling prophecy, and intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. Ryan 's emotions are varying as he uses each aspect in creating memories that the hippocampus converts into long term memories. These terms will aid in his reasoning and emotions towards selecting colleges to apply to. Ryan eagerly asked some of his other, older, friends concerning their application process in applying to different colleges.
The proposition that ”if schools truly want students to be motivated to do well in school, then schools should be willing to pay students for their hard work,” contains logical fallacies. For example, “but why should students work (learn) for nothing” begs the question. Also these proponents assert the idea that students are doing job (learning) and should be paid for it does not follow or a non-sequitur fallacy. On the contrary, this proposed reward system will cause problems in the classroom. Rewarding students for good grades will decrease student’s self-motivation.
EVALUATION RESEARCH DESIGNS 1. Policy-Oriented Evaluation Design Policy-oriented evaluation research design refers to studies embarked on for the purpose of generating change in existing educational policies and practices. Policy-oriented evaluation design is adopted for critical examination of the efficacy or effectiveness of existing policy with a view to providing relevant information for making of new policy or modifying existing policy, monitoring and implementing it. This design is often adopted to enable politicians and administrators have empirical evidence on which they can add their own value judgments before embarking on a consistent course of action that involves development and implementation of new policy. Funds at the disposal
What I remember most about reward programs in school center around my elementary years. Many teachers had systems or programs that yielded different rewards such as candy or assess to different books and games during recess. By the time I reached high school, I do not recall any form of reward system other than praise or recognition for academic achievement. It is hard to say if my motivation in elementary school was increased by the reward system or not.
