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Infant Health Disparity

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An important determinant of the health of a society is infant health. Unfavorable outcomes of infant health can be premature birth, low birth weight, birth defects, and infant mortality (death of an infant before their first birthday) (Valley Public Radio 2015). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the infant mortality rate in 2015 for non-Hispanic black infants was 11.3. When compared to the lowest infant mortality rate in 2015 of Asian/Pacific Islander infants at 4.2, a substantial national disparity exists. The disparity of black infant health is one that persists. Fresno is a County that encompasses a unique racial composition of 32.2 percent White, 50.4 percent Hispanic, 5.1 percent Black, 9.6 percent …show more content…

With Fresno’s black population at 9.6 percent, it is especially perplexing to find that in 2013 Fresno’s black infant mortality rate (the rate of death for every 1,000 live births) was highest at 25.3 (Valley Public Radio 2015). Infant health disparity in the black community has seen research in the areas of lack of employment opportunity or lack of social support for mother, lack of alternative birth practice role models, and life course and life style stress factors (Scharber 2014; Adams and Thomas 2017). I am choosing to further the life course research and focus on the stress factor of microaggressions, which are “...the everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership” (Sue 2010). The focus of microaggressions is important because psychological and emotional trauma (Carter 2007) can negatively affect a pregnant mother and her fetus. Another focus of mine will be the effect of social support, a possible coping mechanism for microaggressions, and the birth outcomes for pregnant mothers participating in the Black Infant Health (BIH) program or those referred to me by BIH pregnant mothers, in a

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