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Literature Review Of Helicobacter Pylori

2636 Words11 Pages
ABSTRACT
Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori has become an issue of concern due to its eradication failures. This paper is a literature review of the ultra structure and morphology of the bacteria and how it develops resistance to antibiotics such as clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin and levofloxacin. It also reviews the action of these antibiotics and their prevalence rate of resistance to Helicobacter pylori.
INTRODUCTION
Helicobacter pylori known previously as Campylobacter pylori, is a Gram-negative bacteria mostly found in the stomach of humans. The bacterium is usually asymptomatic and is part of the normal flora of the stomach.
In 1982, two Australian scientists Barry Marshall and Robin Warren discovered this bacterium. With further research later by British scientist Stewart Goodwin, it was found that it was present in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, conditions previously not believed to have a microbial cause1.
Helicobacter pylori are a spiral shaped microaerophilic gram negative bacteria often classified as curved rod. They are gram-negative non-spore-forming bacteria. The cellular morphology may be spiral, curved or fusiform between 0.2 to 1.2 μm in diameter and 1.5 to 10.0 μm in length. The spiral wavelength may differ with the growth conditions, the age and the species identity of the cells.2
The bacteriology of this microaerophilic spiral-shaped bacterium is fascinating. Helicobacter pylori are a member of a fast growing
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