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Monkey Drug Trials Of 1969 Essay

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Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 In this research study (experiment) a large amount of monkeys and rats were used to see the effects of drugs and drug addiction. The drugs tested on these animals included morphine, alcohol, codeine, cocaine and more. The researchers working on this case trained these animals to inject themselves with the given drug. The monkeys and rats were then left with a supply of their given drug and observed by the researchers. This caused the animals great stress, some ripping the fur off of their bodies, enduring withdrawals or even death. The ethical guideline broken during this experiment was that the experiment never had a clear purpose and if it did it wasn't necessary enough to hurt the animals. The animals didn't …show more content…

In this study they tested the idea of ‘nature or nurture’ when it comes to gender identity. The researcher that began this experiment was psychologist John Money. Money told David Reimer's parents to raise him as a girl. David became Brenda, had a constructed vagina and took hormone pills his whole childhood. When it was time for Brenda to check in with Money, Brenda's twin brother would come to the visits as well. Here, the twin siblings were forced to do sexual things and get naked for “inspections.” John Money thought this experiment was a success although Brenda still acted and lived like a boy. When David was 14 his parents told him the truth and he decided he wanted to identify as a boy again. David's twin brother developed schizophrenia from the trauma, and committed suicide in 2002. In May of 2004, David too took his own due to his wife wanting to separate and his lifelong issues with gender identity. The ethical guideline broken for this study was Money never fully informed David's parents on the whole experiment. The things that went on behind the scenes at the visits were not brought to light until much later. Money chose what would be best for him instead of David. It was unethical to force the brothers to perform sexual acts and the side effects of what he put the children through would affect them for the rest of their

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The Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 The Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 was an experiment to show the aftermath of addiction, monkeys were self inflicting injury during this experiment. Monkeys were given an unlimited amount of cocaine, morphine, amphetamines, alcohol, methamphetamines, and other various drugs. They were also taught how to inject themselves with these various drugs. Many believe that this is unethical because monkeys were abusing themselves due to the teaching of the humans, their lives were in danger when they were under the influence, and some even overdosed.

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John Money was of the idea that nurture can change a person’s gender identity if they were to have interest genitalia. Nurture is defined as experiences that shape how a person acts and how they view themselves. This is similar to the theory that B.F. Skinner held regarding reinforcement. The theory explains that in the formative years of a child you can encourage certain behaviors, such as those of a proper girl/woman and you can discourage other behaviors such as fighting and playing with toys meant for boys. This is the belief that drove John Money with all the of the experiments that her performed over his career at John’s Hopkins.

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After Sun reassures readers that the animals are completely safe and pain-free, she is able to reinforce how animal testing is beneficial through sound research. “The truth behind animal testing,” explains how specific discoveries such as insulin, blood transfusions, penicillin, so on and so forth have been unearthed because of animal testing. Today, many people can relate to these medical advances because they are so commonly used in hospitals and the medical field. Sun’s research even introduces multiple cases where animal testing was successful. One such case included Charles Chamberland who was able to find a vaccine for both cholera and anthrax through animal experimentation with little harm to the chickens he was testing.

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This research is unfair and animals in this test don’t understand anything that is going to happen to them. Furthermore, animals “suffer painful procedures and isolations”(Source A) that really impacts the way scientists are saving human lives. However if we don’t stop animal testing, we could save lives but we won’t be helping the innocent animals the could be endangered and-and almost instinct. There are also alternatives that scientist could use to see if the product they have created could impact human lives. I think that if scientist test one cell organisms they could find the result of the experiment and see what could impact the entire body of a human or an

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Perhaps one of the most fascinating yet depressing studies on gender, its fluidity, and how oppressive it can be is the case of David Reimer. In Chapter 3 of "Undoing Gender" by Judith Butler, this situation was studied in detail and psychoanalyzed. When Reimer was extremely young (under a year old), his penis was damaged and had to be removed, so psychiatrist John Money stepped in and told Reimer's parents that they could have sex reassignment surgery, raise David as a girl, and he'd live a normal and happy life. David was thus renamed Brenda and was brought up as female. Around age eight, however, Brenda started exhibiting traditionally masculine behaviors such as wanting to play with trucks and toy guns.

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You probably know that these sort of deaths are a serious problem, and scientists are trying to prevent them. It is a comforting thought to know scientists are trying to stop these deaths. However, this research could not take place without the animals being used as test subjects. The use of animal lives in medical research and in testing of drug is a necessary sacrifice to save countless human lives. Animal testing is a

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While viewing animal experiments can be conducted both through the prism of the benefits and the disadvantages, this issue served as a powerful reason for discussions in the society and points out the need for

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