School leaders recognize the importance of classroom instruction to ensure that the teaching and learning process takes place. School heads, as instructional leaders, play an important role in providing technical assistance and instructional support to teachers. Instructional teaching and learning allows students as well as teachers to create a more meaningful learning environment. Instructional leadership refers to the sets of leadership practices that involve planning, evaluation, coordination, and improvement of teaching and learning. It is also referred to as learning-centered leadership (Goldring, Porter, Murphy, Elliott, & Cravens, 2009). It involves setting goals, managing curriculum, monitoring lesson plans, allocating resource, observing and evaluating teachers regularly to promote student learning and growth. Quality of instruction is the topmost …show more content…
These competencies that teachers and school heads should possess are also being evaluated in terms of the different strands The National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads Training and Development Needs Assessment (NCBSSH-TDNA) tool defines the standards as basis of the school heads’ decision making, actions and performance of their function. Its second domain is focused on Instructional leadership where the school head is being evaluated in terms of assessment of learning, developing programs, implementing programs for instructional improvement and instructional supervision. Moreover, another assessment tool is the Competency-Based Performance Appraisal System for Teachers (CB- PAST) which provides wide range of job-embedded requirements of the teachers in their duties and responsibilities and promotes personal growth and professional