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Parthenon

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The Parthenon on the Acropolis of Greece first began constructions in 447 BCE — a temple of Doric order with Ionic features made in dedication to Greek goddess of war, Athena. Under the influence of Pericles and the assistance of over hundreds of people, the temple was completed in 432 BCE. With an appearance similar to that of a sculpture, dimensions akin to that of the Golden Ratio, and harmonious values in its shape — it was no wonder that the Parthenon embodied many 5th century Athenian values; to achieve arete, also known as perfection.
It was known that the Greeks were obsessed with the concept of the Golden Ratio, also widely known as phi, and it was no surprise that the Parthenon followed said concept, due to Phidias, a Greek sculptor, …show more content…

(Glassman, 2008). Despite the concept of perfection being a major part of Athenian culture, the columns had been placed such that there were no right angles; they all leaned inwards at about 88 degrees. The shafts were not consistently straight either — with a gradually bigger diameter of a few centimetres in the middle, it gave a visible swell to these masculine columns. The stylobate also swelled upwards, creating a bumpy flooring in the temple, allowing for rainwater to easily flow out of the Parthenon. This conjured up the optical illusion of a pyramid-like shape when one was to look up at the Parthenon from its entrance, although it was obviously a rectangular temple from afar.
The temple’s pyramid-like shape would convince a worshipper that they seem smaller in proximity to the Athena Parthenos, and made the temple seem colossal compared to the other temples on the Acropolis. (Shear, 2016). Along with the Athenian’s strive for perfection of aesthetically made things, temples were mathematically correct, often going by the golden rectangle and/or the Golden Ratio. It could be said that by achieving this sense of illusion, the Parthenon now demonstrated more than just aesthetically and mathematical …show more content…

There had been the involvement of many master architects in the making of the Parthenon, cooperating with numerous amounts of people who had taken part in construction. It implied some sort of arrangement amongst the Athenians, where the community agreed to all come together as a society and built the Parthenon collectively, as a symbol of power. Metopes lined along the frieze showed an inconsistent style, hinting at the idea of community involvement with other less-known artists of Athens. (Wycherley,

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The Parthenon, Temple of Athena Nike, and the Erechtheion are located in Athens. All of them were built with extraordinary talents and skills. 2. Philosophy achievement. “The great Athenian philosopher Socrates, born in 469 BCE, a decade after the Greek defeat of the Persians.”

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The most specific features of this building are the columns. One of the first people to use columns, the Greeks used such distinct features on their monuments, such as the Parthenon. Yet another celebrated art form is perhaps one of the most famous pieces of ancient Greek art. Myron’s marble sculpture of The Discus Thrower, represents the Olympic events and also demonstrates many of the Greek morals. (Document 8)

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Specifically, as stated, “The Parthenon is a rectangle, but there are not right angles in the entire building, everything is slightly off” (Parthenon Video). Persia is more complex than Greece because Persia puts more emphasis on making their cultural structures to the best of their abilities. By making the Apadana as greatly as they did, citizens of the empire would be able to be inspired by the amount of beauty and time it took to be created, while the citizens of Greece wouldn’t be able to be inspired to put in all of their time and effort into something if the temple used to cherish their god, Athena, wasn’t even created to the best of the architects

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The arts reflect the society that creates them, this was very true with the ancient Greeks through their temples, sculptures, and pottery. Ancient Greek art emphasized the importance and accomplishments of human beings. An example of ancient Greek architecture is the Parthenon which is a marvel of design, featuring massive columns contrasting with subtle details (Doc:7). Greek architecture influenced many buildings that our World has today. In ancient Greece art was expressed many ways but one of them by sculptures of people, such as Myron’s famous sculpture of the Discus Thrower.

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Athens had better cultural achievements. “The myths continued to be popular through the centuries, and major public buildings such as the Parthenon at Athens, the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, and the Temple to Apollo at Delphi were decorated with larger-than-life sculpture representing celebrated

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If you have never had the opportunity to see the Parthenon in Greece and the Pantheon in Italy, it’s possible that the similarity of the names would lead you to believe that they are the same or, at least, almost identical. While it is true that certain elements of the buildings mirror each other, there are major differences in their structures and functions. The architecture of each reflects the cultural ideals of the times. After the Greeks overcame the Persian invasion, Athens became the head of all of the Greek city-states. During this period, the country enjoyed peace and great prosperity.

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The cultural values of Athens relate to architecture and their religion, while Sparta exemplified warrior values in their cultural values, but both societies shared cultural background rooted in myths and legends. The Athenian Parthenon was built by architects Iktinos and Kallikrates under the supervision of Pericles. It was a large and expensive project dedicated to the Greek god “Athena.” The Parthenon was also built on a hill or the Acropolis of Athens, highest point of Athens (Doc #2).The money used to build this Parthenon was originally meant to make Athens’ navy stronger and bigger, but Pericles used this fortune to build the Parthenon showing the power and wealth of Athens.

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The Parthenon building consists of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns. These orders are distinguished by their capitals at the top of the column. They are either short and thick, as in the case of the Doric column or tall and slimmer, as in the case of the Iconic columns, the dimensions of either of which is indicative of strength and or power. According to Ricard (2010), “Doric is not only a type of column, but an "order"; this means that temples of the Doric order not only have this type of column, but also have a certain structure at the upper levels”.

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Introduction: The Two Buildings; Parthenon in Athens and Pantheon in Rome are both classical heritage of the former world powers. Both buildings were temple built and dedicated to the gods of Athens and Romans. The excellent strength and the durability of these temples are unimaginable. Going by the length of time that these buildings have been in existence, one cannot but admires the brilliance of the ancient Greek and Roman architects for such excellent edifices that have outlived many generations, and yet remain a symbol of ancient Greek and Roman history.

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As a start, the building types are many as the private houses, baths, as well as temples and theatres and these are our points; Firstly in temples, Greeks’ structures were invented to be the home of gods called Parthenon having an obsolete religion. As inside these sanctuaries they didn’t have spots of meeting, but obeying the penances and aimed to custom an individual god in them. These temples anyways were sometimes used to be storage of votive offerings. Subsequently, they are very unique in there style and very essential modeling construction. For examples, the palace of Knossos, and Athens acropolis.

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The Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome depict the splendor of these two cultures. Starting with the Parthenon, it was completely constructed in 432 B.C.E by the architects Iktinos and Kallikrates to honor the Athen’s patron deity, Athena, and to house her statue. It is rectangular and consisted of a series of Doric columns. However, it is a mixture of the Doric and Ionic orders. The Pentelic marble, bronze, gold, and ivory are the basic media used in this construction.

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