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Pergamon: Art And Culture

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“Art and Culture” Kristiana Diaz (Mountain Laurel Group) On a mountain top in Turkey, lies the West Front of The Altar From Pergamon (page 126). A seven-foot-high frieze is wrapped around an ionic colonnade that enclosed an altar to Zeus. It is thought to have been constructed during the reign of Eumenes II, from 175-150 BCE. This piece depicts a mythical battle between the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus, and the giants. The giants are fighting the gods for sovereignty over the Earth and universe. The Pergamon frieze is carved with a deep undercutting, by which creates a dramatic contrast of light and shade. Some of the figures in the Pergamon frieze extend beyond the architectural setting, coming on to the steps that the visitors use to climb their way up to the altar. I would assume you would feel like you are walking through the battle just going up those steps. This piece vividly displays drama, gods/ mythical creatures, and the love of a perfect body, These were some of the things that the ancient greeks …show more content…

In one section of the Pergamon Frieze, the goddess Athena has forced a winged monster to his knees, inscriptions along the base of the structure identify Athena’s enemy as Alkyoneos, son of the earth goddess. Who rises up from the ground to plead for her son’s life deliberately depicting an elaborate, dramatic story. Also creating each god or goddess with their idea of the “perfect body”. The ancient greeks were fixated on what the perfect body actually was, and studied the human appearance closely. The last greek value that is depicted into the Pergamon frieze would be the architecture. In this piece the is post and lintel system is used, which the greeks created. This type of architecture is still used today, it consist of vertical elements being held up by horizontal ones. The post and lintel system is still being used

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At this time there was the reconciliation of the North and South, and freedom for the black which were shown in the murals done by Jules Guerin. The Parthenon corresponds to its period because it shows the Greek’s struggle against the Persians. It is shown in the myths, which outlines human suffering for Greek victory. It is seen in the shield of Athena, which shows the battle between Athenians and Amazons. The Parthenon was built in great detail depicting event that lead to Greek victory.

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The Hellenistic period traditionally began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. Hellenistic art focused on being increasingly diverse, stylistic and with a strong subject matter. The Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon, created between 166-156 B.C.E-- within the Hellenistic eras prime, reflects the shifted focus from the Classical period to Hellenistic on how artists sought different ways to appeal to the senses through the adaptation of earlier styles as well as the use of new conventions.

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The trials of Ancient Greece and its Panhellenic ideals are cast in marble, as they’ve survived through antiquity into modern times, from the their revolution for independence against the Ottoman empire, to their modern entertainment which still contains Homeric

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Creating an amazingly life-like appearance to its sculptures, not only demonstrated, in my mind, a higher intelligence, but is defiantly a tribute to their focus on superior strength and fitness. Although the realistic style was soon changed to create an even more ideal human figure, the understanding of the human body and how to recreate it through art was only the beginning of Greece’s contribution to the “classical ideal.” After their rise to power, gained by their triumph over Persia, the Greeks again changed the way we see art. This time they turned to their knowledge of geometry, focusing on the creation of grand architecture as their medium.

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He is a marble statue found in the ruins of the Athenian Acropolis, a bit smaller than life-sized, and is dated at 480 BC, a transitionary period from the Archaic to Early Classical era of Greek art. He is an emerging youth nearing the cusp of puberty, with a weight shift characteristic of this artistic period. Overall, the piece displays an incredible understanding of human physiology, and has moved away from the twisted perspectives and unnatural stiffness of earlier art. An anatomical chain of events occurs with the weight shift, and his overall musculature and skeletal structure are unforced and lifelike. He is the most famous Early Classical statue.

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Two very important historic buildings from the Greek and Roman civilizations, namely the Parthenon and the Pantheon respectively, are worthy of academic exploration. An analysis of their function and style will help to put their design and features into perspective, and create a better appreciation for their emulation in Western civilization. These buildings possess very unique individual characteristic designs, which bears testimony to the societies from which they originate. However, they are also a resourceful database of knowledge in terms of their symbolism, rich heritage of their era and application to the present civilization.

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