Compared to previous articles regarding approaches to private policing in Canada and the United Kingdom; the approaches to private security in Japan, Korea, and South Africa differ tremendously. An example would be Japans model. Japan is very connected to its traditional and cultural heritage, therefore their approaches to private policing are rooted in cultural dynamics.
The Security Business Act established in Japan gives an idea of how Culturally rooted Japan is when it comes to establishing regulations. According to Naoko Yoshida the Act stated “that new private security companies can only be established with the approval of the Public Security Commission of the Prefect, and must be re-approved every five years. All private security companies are obliged to obtain separate permission to provide an alarm
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The amended Act extended police regulatory power over the daily operations of private security businesses as well. (Yoshida, 1999, p. 252)”. Public police overseeing the daily tasks of private security is an example of the importance of formal hierarchy in Japan. Private security does not hold the same power that public police has. So, it is only common for Japan to have public police oversee private agencies. Naoko Yosida states in his article, “there is little doubt that one of the principal aims of the Act is simply to hold the role of the private security business in Japan to that of a 'junior partner' to the police. At the same time, while the NPA needs an obedient and loyal policing partner, this 'junior partner' has to be a prosperous and strong business enterprise in order that it provides a discretionary fund and a second career opportunity for retired police