For students with learning difficulties and learning disabilities who are learning to read or who struggle with reading, it is important that they understand the rules of English; what the system is and how it works. The most effective way to teach this is with explicit, systematic and code-based instruction. The educator must ensure that they are teaching both oral language and vocabulary skills, using both systematic and direct instruction as well as teachable moments.
Students with learning difficulties and learning disabilities must understand the rules of the English language. Once they learn the rules of English, then they will understand the system and how it works (Archer & Hughes, 2011; Brady, 2011; Calhoon & Petscher, 2013; cited in Moats, YEAR, PAGE). Educators need to ensure that students understand how and why sentences are
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9). Code-based teaching methods empahsise explicit instruction, scheduled practice, and relevant feedback (Report recommendations, YEAR). Additionally, Neuman (YEAR) believes that educators should use systematic instruction as well as teachable moments in order to ensure long-term reading performance and success.
Explicit teaching is the most effective way to teach vocabulary for students with learning disabilities and learning difficulties. The teacher should focus on the students learning target words, as well as learning how and when to use the new vocabulary. The students must be actively engaged in the learning, and the vocabulary needs to be presented in a meaningful context. To ensure that the students are learning and remembering the new words, they must review multiple exposure to the new language and frequently review past key