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The Theory Of Planned Behavior

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In order to determine what constitutes a good theory, it is important to first understand what a theory is. A theory is described as “a coherent description, explanation and representation of observed or experienced phenomena” (Gioia & Pitre 1990, in Lynham 2000, p. 162). This assignment aims to critically assess and evaluate the Theory of Planned Behaviour against the properties of a good theory and ultimately conclude whether or not the Theory of Planned behaviour can be deemed a good theory. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1985) focuses on the way in which attitudes and beliefs interact to create behavioural intentions and action. The theory is a built on the Information Integration Theory (Anderson, 1971) and an extension of …show more content…

The Theory of Planned Behaviour suggests that attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, in conjunction shape individual behavioural intentions and behaviour (Sniehotta, Presseau & Araújo-Soares, 2014). The theory is well recognised by researchers, professionals and policy makers and is deemed the dominant theoretical approach to guide research on health-related behaviour. However, regardless of the theory’s popularity, it is essential to determine if the theory can, in fact, be deemed a ‘good theory’. Several different sets of criteria for evaluation of theories exists, this assignment will use the six criteria of a viable theory as proposed by Cramer (2013), to assess the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The six criteria include; comprehensiveness, precision and testability, parsimony, empirical validity, as well …show more content…

According to Hasbullah, Mahajar & Salleh (2014), the theory has been widely cited across health-related behavioural domains as the theory aids in understanding many issues relating to behavioural. Although the theory offers an explanation of volitional behaviours, the theory fails to highlight unplanned explanations such as unconscious influences on behaviour (Sniehotta, Presseau & Araújo-Soares, 2014). Overall, the Theory of Planned Behaviour can still be deemed comprehensive and inclusive of a broad scope of health related behaviours. Although comprehensiveness is a key criterion in what constitutes a good theory, it is solely not sufficient to judge the feasibility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and other criteria in conjunction with comprehensiveness is

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There are many different ways to convey a message. Some people convey a message in a blatant fashion, while others are more subtle about it. These two contrasting styles are shown in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s two short stories: The Minister’s Black Veil and Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent. Mr. Hooper and Roderick Elliston view sin in a similar fashion, however their differences lie in the way they tell people, which reveals Hawthorne’s message that there are multiple ways to effectively educate someone.

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Social process theory has several subdivisions including: social control theory, social learning theory and social reaction (labeling) theory (will only focus on social control theory). Social control theory insinuates every person has the possibility of becoming a criminal, but most people are influenced by their bonds to society. It contends that individuals obey the law and are less likely to commit crime if they have: learned self-control, attachment (to family, friends, peers, education, etc.), commitment (to school, learning, etc.), involvement (in leisure activities, sports, etc.), and belief (those that are positive). According to social control theory, an individual is more likely to be criminal/deviant if they are detached and alienated (from friends, education, family, etc.),

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In various research social support, self regulation and self efficacy were considered as important factors to behavior change. Theory of reasoned action (TRA) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) explains the behavior change as a factor of attitude, subjective norms, intentions and behavior. People got influenced by their environment or society, these influence them to behave in a particular manner. TPB is extension of TRA theory, which includes perceived behavioral control or self efficacy as a major

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The theory adapts readily to studies of diverse phenomena. The theory can respond and change as condition that affects behavior change. The theory is clear on data collection and data analysis. Data collection gives the researcher fresh look and

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study will be to determine the effectiveness of influenza information, received from the Fresno State Student Health and Counseling Center, on influenza vaccination rates of college-aged (18 to 24 year old) students. For the purpose of this study, the researcher will examine the demographic variables of race/ethnicity, gender, health insurance coverage, and age. Seasonal influenza (“Flu”) is a viral infection that can lead to morbidity and mortality among those infected by it (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014a). According to the World Health Organization (2014) influenza affects everyone, regardless of age.

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A human papillomavirus (HPV) is transmitted sexual behavior and a major cause of cervical cancer; about 70% of all cervical cancer occur HPVs 16 and 18 (Markowitz et al., 2013). An estimated prevalence of a HPV infection in the US was 39.9 million women and approximately 8.88million women among aged 15 to 24 years had HPV infections in 2008 (Satterwhite et al., 2013). A HPV Vaccine has been approved and has been recommended in females aged 9 to 26 years in the United States since 2006 (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). In accordance of comparing the post prevalence of HPV infections to the pre vaccine era, about 6% of vaccine type prevalence decreased in aged 14 to 19 years female groups (Markowitz et al., 2013). On

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The Socio-behaviorist theory (behaviorism) Socio-behaviorists often study how children 's experiences model their behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Behaviorism believes that what matters is not the development itself, but the external factors that shape children 's behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). This theory demonstrates that teachers and mentors dominate and instruct child-related activities, and they decide what children should learn and how to learn (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Reinforcement, which is an essential factor that helps children to learn particular behaviors, generally refers to rewards and punishments (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Children are more likely to repeat actions that result in receiving praise; in contrast, they may ignore or abandon behaviors that make them get punishment.

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In order to change behaviour, we must understand the best way to persuade people to do this. There are 5 main models of behaviour change. However, the two we are discussing today is the theory of planned behaviour and the social learning theory. The theory of planned behaviour is a development of the theory of reasoned action and proposes that the individuals’ behaviour can’t Always be controlled and due to this another aspect has been added and this is perceived behavioural control.

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Ajzen and Fishbein proposed the Theory of Reasoned Action in the 1980s. The theory is based on a person’s basic motivation to perform an action. The model assumes most that behaviours of social relevance are under measured control. Theory of Reasoned Action focuses on behavioural intentions, based on two factors, a person’s attitude towards the behaviour and his/her idea of the subjective norms surrounding. Attitudes are the beliefs an individual has that a certain behaviour will produce certain outcome.

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Intension is defined as the internal content of a concept which tends to behaviour. Since psychological factors has vital role in this study, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has to be considered for this hypothesis of MSWM. The origin of TPB can be traced back to the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Fishbein, 1967; Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). The TPB is based on the assumption that most human behaviour is the result of an individual’s intention to undertake a particular behaviour and the ability of an individual to make a conscious decision about it (Maria Ham et al., 2015) which means the behaviour of person change according to behavioural intentions, which are primarily affected by attitudes toward act and subjective norms. An extension

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Theoretical Framework The study anchored to the following theories: Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1986) and Physiological Models of addiction (Gonzales, Hatukami & Rigotti 1988) were taken to stand for respondents addiction on cigarette smoking. Health Belief Model Theory (Janz & Becker 1984), Protection Motivation Theory (Cheng, Gong & Sun 1990) and Stage model of Initiation and Progression Theory (Sun, Unger & Sussman 2005) were taken to stands for respondents coping strategies. Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1986) is an extension of social learning theory, posits that people learn from one another through observation, instruction, or modeling. It expands on behaviorism by explaining behavior as a product of reciprocal interactions

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Self-Regulatory Model (SRM) [1-4] is a cognitive-affective model that highlights the existence of the emotional component as well as the cognitive component; both of these components alter the perception of disease threat and influence each other. This model emphasizes the active role of the patient and his / her concrete action towards the change of behavior, which will allow effective interventions. According to the Self-Regulation Model, there is a simultaneity ratio between the cognitive and the emotional processing of the disease threat [4]. The Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation is a complex system that highlights the health and disease self-regulation [5].

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S/N MAIN THEORY SUPPORTING THEORY CONTRADICTORY THEORY 1 Affordances Theory: Affordance theory states that the world is perceived not only in terms of object shapes and spatial relationships but also in terms of object possibilities for action (affordances) perception drives action (Gibson,1966). Action-specific perception, or perception-action, is a psychological theory that people perceive their environment and events within it in terms of their ability to act. (Proffitt, 2006) Theory of Planned Behaviour: The theory states that attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions and behaviors. (Ajzen,1985) 2 Uses and Gratification

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This contains and includes the briefing about the details and justification of the variables used and identified for the study. Reasoned Action Theory is supported by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen 's. To illustrate, this model has the origin in the social psychology field that defines the two elements which are attitudes and norms, that are used to predict behavioral intent. This model states that an individual 's behavior is determined by his or her intentions in performing it. This theory summarizes equations, that the attitude along with subjective norms is equal and same to

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