BRCA2 Essays

Communication Theory Title: Communication Theory and “Bride Wars” No one can deny that in most films, the plot is developed through the communications between characters. The process of communication can be classified and analyzed theoretically. In the following, I am going to apply different kinds of communication theory to the film, “Bride Wars”, mainly from Symbolic Interactionism, Expectancy Violation Theory and Social Penetration Theory. The film “Bride Wars” is about a couple of best friends

Maya Angelou has a high regard for her family in the poem “Avec Merci, Mother”. Every one born in this universe, love and esteem their mother. Maya Angelou is no exception. She admires her mother, appreciates her role in the family and expresses her gratitude by singing songs to praise her greatness. She is adorned as a courteous and gracious lady from whom she has learnt all manners. “From her penny of beauty Posing lofty, …. She praises all who kneel and whispers softly, … a solitary figure Hold

Ovarian Cancer Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries — each about the size of an almond — produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer happens when cells that are not normal grow in one or both of your ovaries. The ovaries are two small glands, located on either side of your uterus. They produce female sex hormones and store and release eggs (ova). Ovarian cancer

genes in which mutations are associated with a high risk for the development of certain cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes on chromosome 17 produce tumor suppressor proteins that repair damaged DNA to ensure the stability of the cell’s genetic material. It is important to note that everyone has the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. However, there are specific mutations in each gene that do indicate an increased risk of breast and ovarian

This can occur when the mutated genes are inherited from a parent to a child. It is in these ways in which breast cancer can form in one’s body. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the genes that are usually mutated when breast cancer occurs. Though they are the most common, there are several other factors that can cause this type of cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play the role of protecting the DNA of a cell. When these genes don’t function properly, the DNA cannot be repaired properly which results in additional problems

4 deaths.” Genetics play a big role in determining whether a woman will develop breast cancer or not during her lifetime. A woman’s chances of developing breast cancer increases greatly if she inherits a dangerous mutation in the BRCA1 gene or the BRCA2 gene, which produce tumor suppressor proteins. These proteins help repair damaged DNA and, therefore, are very important in making sure that the cell’s genetic material is stable. When either of these genes is mutated, or altered, the protein product

someone’s time of battling. By receiving breast cancer, you have a family member (or more than one member) who can carry a mutation. Inheriting BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are inheriting an autosomal pattern. Children need to inherit just one copy of the gene to have breast cancer. Additionally, out of every 100 who has a mutation of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, as many as 60 will inherit and will develop breast cancer by 50, 70 approximately 80 years old. Also, the cells of cancer normally grow and divide

inherited, some usually are. Some cancers are caused environmentally like if you stay out in the sun to long you can get skin cancer. Other are caused by life events like you inherit it or you get it genetically. “For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to increase a person's chance of developing cancer.” BRCA gene is dominant. Symptoms of breast cancer include a lump in the breast

Tuesday, October 22nd, WebMD interviewed Laura Shepardson, MD, a breast examining radiologist at The Cleveland Clinic. They asked her about her opinions on the updated recommended age for mammograms announced by The American Cancer Society. The recommended age changed from annual checkups starting at 45 and every other year starting at age 55 to annual mammograms starting at age 40. Shepardson explains that these recommendations need to constantly be updated to pair with the furthering in studies

of the cancer. Some of them include- the patients age, the tumors subtype; including hormone receptor status and HER2 status; the stage of the tumor, and the presence of know mutants in inherited mutations of breast cancer genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. The second major cause of breast cancer is poor eating habits and weight problems. Fitness can be both a cause if kept poor but a prevention however when maintained. It is proven that increase in exercise have lowered risk factors. Gretchen Reynolds

Breast cancer is a public health issue that affects the lives’ of millions. The evidence-based Public health approach used to address health issues is known as P.E.R.I.E. The P.E.R.I.E. process stands for problem, etiology, recommendations, implementation, and evaluation. Through the P.E.R.I.E process, breast cancer can be addressed and evaluate to get a better understanding, with the intentions of reducing the risk. The health problem is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that

A number of inherited mutated genes that can increase the likelihood of breast cancer have been identified. The most well-known are breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), both of which significantly increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer. If you have a strong family history of breast cancer or other cancers, your doctor may recommend a blood test to help identify specific mutations in BRCA or other genes

There has been controversy over the claims made for some patents, for example, Myriad Genetics patents over the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes . Myriad has used its patents to attempt to limit any other company from conducting breast cancer gene tests for these two genes, and they cover both genes and proteins and are claiming to cover the modes of action of the genes as well. This

Genetics is a very wide world that tells us so many different things each time we use it from medicine to agriculture. However now we are going to focus on the ones that are relevant to the genetic counseling which has been continuously complicated in the people’s minds: protecting ourselves from some genetically risky diseases or creating several plans for the prevention & retardation of inevitable conditions. Genetic counseling is defined as a branch of genetics that deals with the “human problems

in children and adults with acute leukemia.”(National Cancer Institute, 2015) In 1985, two types of HPV were linked to cervical cancers in women and treatments were able to be made through vaccinations because of this discovery. Also in 1995, the BRCA2 tumor suppressor gene was cloned, thus providing further information and treatment for breast cancer in men and women. In 2010, the FDA approves of the first “cancer treatment vaccine that is made using a patient's own immune system cells (dendritic

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women; however, invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer followed by ductal carcinoma in situ (American Cancer Society, 2015). Ductal Carcinoma in Situ is a non-invasive cancer meaning that it does not spread to other parts of the breast (Mayo Clinic, 2014). The cancer stays in the milk ducts and is considered precancerous (Mayo Clinic, 2014). About 80% of the people that have ductal carcinoma in situ, were diagnosed

Inherited gene mutations occur in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The BRCA genes are tumor suppressor genes (American Cancer Society, 2015). When these genes are mutated, they no longer suppresses abnormal growth causing tumors to develop. (American Cancer Society, 2015). Having a family history increases

Paragraph 1: For a normal cell, the cell cycle is carefully controlled to maintain cell division which happens at the end of the cycle. For a cancer cell, the cell cycle isn’t properly maintained, therefore leading to the uncontrolled division of cells. Most of the cell cycle is spent during interphase (G1, S, and G2). A normal cell’s G1 phase has a function of doubling cell size and the amount of organelles. During S phase, DNA is replicated. During G2, the cell is at the end of interphase, going

compared to risk in men. 2. Most breast cancer – about 85 percent – occurs in women who have no family history of breast cancer. 3. About 5 to 10 percent of breast cancers can be traced to specific, inherited gene mutations, such as the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. 4. Men can also get breast cancer. About 2,150 are diagnosed annually – or about 1,000 men. 5. A woman born today has about a one in eight chance of being

cancer. Estrogen hormone replacement therapy is a treatment option used to help symptoms of menopause during or after. The gene known that increases the rate of ovarian cancer is the breast cancer gene one, or BRCA1, and breast cancer gene two, or BRCA2. These genes are associated with families with a history of breast cancer, hence the title given. However, this gene only causes a small percentage of ovarian cancer, but has also been associated with ovarian cancer (Mayo Clinic, 1998-2015). There