Vertebra Essays

 The transverse process is large and anterior tubercle is absent.  Foramen transversarium is relatively small or absent. Structure of typical vertebra (C3 to C7): They have similar anatomical findings. The anterior components of the typical cervical vertebra are: I. The body: It is small and is the major supportive portion of the vertebra. It is wider from side to side and narrow antero-posteriorly. Its superior surface is concave transversely and on each side upward projecting lip (uncus)

Traits: Pomacea urceus (Müller, 1774) possesses a shell that acts as an external source of protection. It is spherical or globe-like and has a short spine. It can range from 124-135mm in height and 115-125mm in width. Various colors have added to its variety such as yellow, black and olive green, with the inner lip of the shell being anywhere in between red to white. The operculum is corneous (Alderson 2015). Four main structures of Pomacea urceus can be observed: the foot, visceral mass, mantle

Plastron – *The plastron or ventral shield is composed of nine bony pieces, of which eight are paired. *The anterior pairs of bones are the episternals, the middle pairs are the hyosternals and hyposternals, and the hinder pairs are the xiphisternals. The unpaired piece is called entosternal. *The precise nature of the bones of the plastron is still unknown. *Some consider them as a complete structure corresponding with the sternum or breast-bone; others regard them as wholly integumentary; while

Archaeology Essay: Bipedalism in hominids Introduction: Bipedalism is the defining characteristic of all hominins. It is what separates us from all other primates as it occurs uniquely in our species. The physical and mental characteristics of hominins has changed dramatically over our evolutionary timeline that has led to current day humans. If you were to compare a modern day human with our earliest hominin ancestors there are few similarities between them. However the one feature that unites all

It was my birthday on the 31st of October and I was looking for a scoliosis association/foundation to involve myself with and share my scoliosis experience with. Also, to have a chat with a group of similar people, eat, drink and snap pictures. But to my utmost surprise I searched and browsed and realized there was none of such in my locality. To say I was perplexed is just putting it lightly, because it’s a cause if taking seriously and timely can reduce the amount of pain, worry and trouble experienced

The most common scenario is one where the couple in question has been in a long-term relationship for a substantial period of time and decides to take on an additional third, fourth, or fifth significant other who plays more of a supporting role in the relationship. Like polyamory, there may be a set of predefined rules to be followed in any open relationship. However, as previously discussed, labelling a relationship as “open” generalizes it by looping it in with other consensual non-monogamous

William Finnegan is excellent writer captures the flavor of growing up in the 60's and learning certain realities of how the world works. Barbarian Days is all about a surfing life. Skate-boarder, body-surfer, mat-rider, surfer, as one who did all of those activities many years ago in Central California and then swerved off the path due to crowds and other life responsibilities. Here William Finnegan expands on that piece and tell the story of his life-long passion for the sport. From his early

Walking with a Hunched Back? What It Actually Is? The spine is the most important structure of your body. The spinal region of your body supports your body by holding itself up and is able to process information from the brain to the spinal cord giving us coordination, function, and feeling. When back posture goes awry this condition gets worse and causes inflammatory back pain it is referred to as Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ankylosing Spondylitis is an inflammatory auto-immune disease that can cause

All That You Need To Know About Neck Pain The cervical spine (neck) is made up of vertebrae which extend from the skull to the upper torso. The cervical disks take in shock between the bones. The muscles, ligaments, and bones of your neck hold your head in position and allows motion. Any injury, inflammation, and abnormalities can lead to stiffness or neck pain. Many individuals experience stiffness or neck pain in the neck regularly. In numerous cases, it is because of overuse, normal wear and

FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF THE SINGLE STAGE CORPECTOMY PROCEDURE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATHOLOGIC FRACTURES OF VERTEBRAE INTRODUCTION Spinal metastases show an apparent predilection for vertebral body and frequently result in pathologic fractures of the vertebra. Vertebral body involvement is one of the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced malignancy. Hence, vertebral body involvement can be accepted as an indicator of aggressivity of primary malignancy. Additionally, neurologic

tiny fracture. If you have a larger fracture, or several tiny ones in one vertebra, it can cause the vertebra to compress, or collapse. This can be very painful and the pain makes it difficult to continue with normal activities. One solution to this problem is to have a kyphoplasty procedure. Here 's how this medical treatment may be able to help you. Why A Kyphoplasty Is Helpful A kyphoplasty can be done on a single vertebra or several. It works by lifting the vertebrae back

Sprengel’s deformity is a rare congenital deformity of the shoulder girdle due to failure of descent of the scapula. It causes cosmetic concern and sometime functional disability. This study describes a grade I congenital deformity of the left shoulder joint (Sprengel’s deformity) in a 14-year-old female, associated with an undescended scapula, the presence of hemi-vertebrae of C7,some degree of limited shoulder abduction and scoliosis of upper dorsal spine with convexity towards left. The diagnosis

ANATOMY OF THE SPINE The vertebral column in an adult is composed of 33 bony vertebrae divided into five regions: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal. Significant flexibility is evidenced only at the level of the upper 25 vertebrae. In adult the 5 sacral vertebrae fuse together to form the sacrum, and later in adult life the 4 coccygeal vertebrae fuse together forming the coccyx. The lumbosacral angle is the angle formed at the junction of the long axes of the lumbar spinal

picture of “A 15-year old student who broke one m” in his neck and “displaced another” while playing in only a scrimmage game in 2007. At the age of 15, young teenage boys, are still physically developing and are at risk of major injuries like a broken vertebra. Of course, for any parent these types of injuries are unacceptable at an early

In addition, they have a jellylike center (i.e., the nucleus pulposus). The fibers of the annulus connect the vertebra together and the jellylike center serves as the cushion. Visualization of a Herniated or Bulging Disc The characteristics of a bulging or herniated disc can be compared to that of the marshmallow in the center of a s'more. As the top graham cracker

aortic arch to descend in the posterior mediastinum along the right side of the descending thoracic aorta. Below, as it inclines left, it crosses anterior to the aorta and enters the abdomen through the diaphragm at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra. From above downwards, the trachea, right pulmonary artery, left main bronchus, pericardium (separating it from the left atrium) and the diaphragm are anterior. The vertebral column, longus colli, right posterior intercostal arteries, thoracic duct

Consequently, this event has altered life dramatically with the need of multiple operations, daily medications, and an unexpected adjustment in career path. The two major discs damaged in the incident were the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. Being severely herniated, the vertebra could no longer properly support the weight of the upper body and coupled with nerve damage, caused a slight drag of the left leg. Corrective procedures and operations became necessary to return mobility. The numerous surgeries

Sensation Pain is interceded by nociceptors, specialized peripheral tactile neurons that caution us to possibly harming stimuli at the skin by transducing these stimuli into electrical signals that are handed-off to higher brain centers (Basbaum et al., 2009). Nociceptors are pseudo-unipolar essential somatosensory neurons with their neuronal body situated in the DRG. They are bifurcate axons: the peripheral branch innervates the skin and the central branches synapse on second-order neurons in the

with filum terminale. 3.Cauda equina - It makes of spinal nerves and spinal nerve root that located near the first lumbar vertebra of spinal cord. 4.Filum terminale - is a fibrous tissue structure that proceeded downward from the apex of the conus medullaris. It has two sections: filum terminale internum and filum terminale externum.

changed my life dramatically with the need of multiple operations, daily medications, and including an unexpected change in my career path. The two major discs damaged in the incident was the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. Being that the two disc were severely herniated, the vertebra could no longer properly support the weight of my body and coupled with nerve damage, caused me to drag my left leg. Corrective procedures and operations were required to return mobility. The numerous surgeries and