I organized four different tests; pH paper, alkalinity tests, the number of rocks neutralizing acid, and the number of rocks that don’t neutralize acid. The average for pH paper was seven. The pH is the numeric scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity. the pH scale goes from zero, which is an acid reading, to fourteen, which is an alkaline reading.
Introduction: The Assabet river is a well known river that runs through Westborough, Northborough, Marlborough, Berlin, Hudson, Stow, Maynard, Acton, and Concord, MA. The river is about 34 miles long and is home to many aquatic animals and plants. The plants range from Chiliensis to Anubias, and they grow around the borders of the river. The Assabet river has different water temperatures, depending on the location. The purpose of this lab is to determine whether or not the Assabet river temperature affect the plants near and in the river.
Lab 5 – Weather and Climate Change Lab 5 - POST-LAB QUESTIONS POST-LAB QUESTIONS 1. Which water cycle processes are spoken to in this model and by what components? Answer = Evaporation and buildup, the warm water evaporated into water vapors that were caught under the cover then come back to water. 2.
The experiment was to indicate if the substances are acidic, base or neutral and was tested during the lab to obtain a final answer. The procedure we followed were simple: we gathered the materials and cleaned them out and then shortly after we tested the fluids with 2 Litmus paper of each color. As we finished the procedures we got result almost immediately with four out of the six being neutral and only two being acidic. The results supported part of our hypothesis as the last two were incorrect. The last two were guessed as being base and acidic but was neutral which was astonishing because rubbing alcohol showcased characteristics of being acidic which led us to believe it was, but was not supported with the data.
Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulphuric acids are the main cause of acid rain and urban smog. Acid rains are caused by these chemical compounds released into the air, which reacts with water and oxygen high up in the atmosphere and falls down as a more acidic pollutant known as acid rain. Acid rains dissolve limestones (that are used in statues and building) and can also travel a long distance which would also harm other cities. Urban smog is a yellowish or blackish fog formed by pollutants in the air trapped by layers of air with the different temperatures that prevent air from floating up.
Acid rain along with the other forms of acid deposition hurt the environment, and people can help stop it. Once people identify the problem, and what causes it, they can help. The gases that cause acid rain comes from many different sources:
CLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.
The purpose of this assignment lab was for us to determine if there has been a decrease or increase in carbon dioxide emission in the data we were given in the past forty years. I have observed the data collected in five different locations around the world. The locations I have observed were in Summit Greenland, Hawaii, American Samoa, Alaska and the South Pole. Each one of the location was verified by its location code and the level of carbon dioxide within the years observed.
Acids are proton donors in chemical reactions which increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution while bases are proton acceptors in reactions which reduce the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. Therefore, an acidic solution has more hydrogen ions than a basic solution; and basic solution has more hydroxide ions than an acidic solution. Acid substances taste sour. They have a pH lower than 7 and turns blue litmus paper into red. Meanwhile, bases are slippery and taste bitter.
Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and others when they are burnt. Sulfur dioxide is one of the primary gases responsible for acid rain. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are releases into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. It can be extremely harmful to forest.
An interesting fact is according to EPA, Acid rain results when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by the wind. The sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These then mix with water and other materials before falling to the ground. In this quote, acid rain is when sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides transmitted into the atmosphere and travel through the wind. Sulfuric and nitric acid are formed by the reaction between sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides, oxygen, water, and etc.
+ CO2 → H2CO3 The carbonic acid molecules immediately dissociate in water to form hydrogen carbonate ions: HCO3−, and hydronium ions, H3O+: H2CO3 + H2O → HCO3− + H3O+ The deposition of acid like sulfuric and sulfurous make rain water acidic this is from the sulfur
Strong acids and strong bases are strong electrolytes and are assumed to ionize completely in the presence of water. Weak acids however, only ionize to a limited extend in water. Any weak or strong acids when in contact with any weak or strong alkali will start to undergo neutralization regardless of their volume. When an indicator which is present in the acid-base mixture and have experienced colour change, it indicates that the mixture is in right proportions to neutralize each other and is also known as the equivalence point.
Some people call it acid deposition because they say it is a more precise name due to the fact that acid rain isn’t only rain, it can fall as rain, snow, sleet, hail and anything else. Acid rain has been formed because as we release harmful gases into the atmosphere, we are lowering the pH of precipitation, creating acid rain. Acid rain can kill small organisms such as trees and fish which destroys ecosystems. Although acid rain is not known to affect humans immensely, it can however, cause health issues usually lung
As Johnson. T(1997) says; is something that happens when fossil fuels are burned, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are emitted into the atmosphere. Once there, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with other chemicals to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. These gaseous emissions can stay in the atmosphere for several days and travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers before falling back to the earth’s surface as acid rain. This process is more accurately termed acid deposition, since acidity can travel to the earth’s surface in many forms; rain, snow, fog, dew, particles(dry deposition), or aerosol gases.
