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Chapter Three Was On The Individual Causes Of Delinquency

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Chapter three was on the individual causes of delinquency. This includes the discussions of rationality, sociobiology, development, and much more. Many theories are brought up, as well as studies for reinforcement.
The rationality of crime is a large topic when it comes to juvenile delinquency and is part of that conversation within this topic. This theory is based on the idea that all criminals choose to violate the law and have free will. The definition of free will is the ability to make rational choices among possible actions and to select one over the others, which is something that is done in every situation involving a criminal act. The individual can assess the payoffs and risks associated with the crime and choose to either violate …show more content…

It incorporates sociobiology, or nature versus nurture, which talks about the biological factors of a person and the influences that the environment they are in has. An insight to this is an environment that does not give the individual the sources necessary for them to live positively may affect them in a lot of other ways too. A study where two twins were adopted by two separate families takes into account sociobiology. Later on in life when the twins were joined back together, they both had a different bringing up and personality. Environment plays a big role on how a person will …show more content…

Temperament is seen as the activity and emotionality an individual has. Mental health disabilities have been looked at factors leading to a juvenile become delinquent, such as an individual who is bipolar is more likely to commit personal crimes and be put into detention. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is another one of the disabilities that is thought to show signs of delinquency. This disorder can include inattention, distractibility, excessive activity, restlessness, noisiness, and impulsiveness. An insight into this is that impulsivity in a person if it is not under control can be a sign that they will commit an act they should not be doing. The textbook also states that there is a chance with ADHD that the individual has another condition such as depression, anxiety, or a learning disability. Brain functioning and temperament play an important role within the neuropsychological aspect of juvenile

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57). Research shows that delinquency and youth violence have been on the rise over the decade growing in epidemic proportions since 1993 (Hoyt & Scherer, 1998). Delinquency means for one to break the law and does not have to involve any form of criminal activity in one doing so. However, it is known that antisocial behavior, delinquency, and violence share common roots and similar consequences according to Mcwhirter et al. (2013). Violent crimes committed by youth has escalated by youth victimized by youth violence doubling the in juvenile arrests for violent crime by 2010, and fueled anxieties about future crime wave as the juvenile delinquents mature into adults (Hoyt & Scherer, 1998) with female delinquency making its mark up the ladder according to research.

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This theory falls under the umbrella of general theories of criminality. It supports the idea that individuals commit crimes as a response to personal strains. This theory fits well into the proposal of a Criminal Justice Education Program as the target population would be juveniles. Juveniles have an inconsistent foundation as they work towards gaining independence and establishing their personal identity.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder which stands for ADHD is a common behavioural disorder.

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In her essay, “The Irrationality of Life Sentences”, Jennifer Lackey shares that there are biological factors that contribute to a child’s differing thought processes. She says that “the prefrontal cortex of the brains of adolescents is still developing, and so they are more likely than adults to act on impulse, engage in dangerous or risky behavior, and misread social cues and emotions” (Lackey 1089). These biological differences, and the childhood lack of brain development, are causes for children to commit crime. Though they do not excuse the behavior, they should be taken into account empathetically. If these aspects were to be taken into further consideration in the future,

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However, instead of punishing juveniles harshly for violent crimes, we must understand that they are still kids, society must take into account the need to rehabilitate their mindset, due to the fact that they are lost in the system. Initially, kids are kids they do not have the maturity thinking that adult has. This is why kids rely on their parents, they ask their parents for suggestions, and helping them make choices. “It’s why they

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It cannot be overlooked that developmental issues and life experiences play a major role as well. In the modern world, these issues and experiences are analyzed and studied by prevalent criminality and psychopathology fields within the criminal justice system. After all, trying to understand why individuals chose to commit crimes and break the law is necessary to prevent them and rehabilitate criminals. Since the nineteenth century, criminal defendants have used mental incapacity and insanity to excuse their criminal activity. This has resulted in the study of psychopathology and crime causation being of significant importance to criminal justice.

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Estimations show that 2–10% of school-aged children are affected by the disorder. It is more widespread among boys than girls. However, its treatment has increased radically over time. Short term signs of ADHD include poor academic performance and high urge for smoking. Eventually, this transits to greater consequences in adulthood.

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This behavioral condition commonly happened during childhood and can continue into adulthood. It is difficult to comprehend the normal child's behavior (such as hasty character and overly excited) with ADHD. The major difference is that individuals with ADHD has bigger and serious problem to focus without being distracted. They can be seen to be more hyperactive, impulsivity and restless. Children who have ADHD can outgrow it with treatments, although according to WebMd.com 60% of them may still have it as adults.

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There are also other questions to be asked such as if ADHD is a psychologically or neurologically

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At times ADHD can be mistaken for energy and lack of focus commonly found in young children, but at a point it becomes too much. It is important to learn the difference between ADHD and childhood rowdiness. In order for children with ADHD to perform better in school the teachers would have to gain a better understanding of ADHD within the classroom, how it affects learning, what ages and genders are most affected by it, and to know the different ways to handle neurodevelopmental

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My paper aims to discuss the three different factors of criminal behaviour, what causes it and why. My essay will examine and focus mainly on the genetic makeup of a person, the environment in which they are raised in and gender differences.

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United States: Greenhaven Publishing. The book provides various opposing viewpoints regarding the cause of juvenile crime and how the criminal justice system should treat juvenile offenders. Each argument highlights the main risk factors for juvenile crime. For example, gang plays a large part of juvenile violence.

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The Institute proclaims that between 3 and 5 percent of school-age children are affected. If left untreated, this can lead to decreased performance in academics, strained personal relationships, and low self-esteem. Although the three main symptoms, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, are displayed occasionally by all children, the Institute’s article declares that there are clear guidelines that are used when diagnosing ADHD. Firstly, the aforementioned symptoms must be demonstrated to an abnormal degree. Secondly, the behavior must have begun during early childhood; ADHD is usually diagnosed around the age of 6.

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The set of the structural-functional theories are among the most widespread perspectives on the juvenile delinquency. The group of the theories regards that the behavior of the underage delinquent is caused by the breakdown of the social process that consequently results in the increase of conformity (Thompson & Bynum, 2016). The group of theories presumably blame institutions that are responsible for the socialization of the young delinquents for the way the socialize the individuals by causing them to conform to the values of the society. One of the central theories of the juvenile delinquency is the anomie theory that is rooted in the early studies by the sociologist Emile Durkheim.

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Retrieved May 31, 2015, from Abandunadong Kahoy Website: https://imaginaryblogger.wordpress.com/2009/07/27/juvenile-delinquency-its-effects-and-how-to-solve-it/ (2014, May). Retrieved May 31, 2015, from Wikipedia Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndicate Bridges, K. B. (1926-1927). Factors Contributing Juvenile Delinquency. 17, 531. Farrington, D. P. (n.d.).

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