History of Iraq Essays

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar II made a great impact on ancient history. He, in fact, made something so powerful and beautiful it became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This unique wonder was called the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Unfortunately, it no longer exists today. No one has much proof on how the Garden of Babylon got destroyed or how it exactly looked. In ancient readings Berossus, a Chaldaean priest from the fourth century B.C. described it by laying out

In 60 AD, the historian Diodorus Siculus writes, “The approach to the Garden sloped like a hillside and the several parts of the structure rose from one another like tier on tier… and was thickly planted with trees of every kind that, by their great size and other charm, gave pleasure to the beholder” (Donnan, para. 3). This fantastical description of the fabled Hanging Gardens of Babylon, along with many others, has enamoured archaeologists for years. Where and by whom were they built by? More importantly

In her work Sense and Sensibility Jane Austen is closely looking at the injustice done to women, and she is especially rejecting the idea of Marriage for money rather than love. Austen also did not agree that women should depend on men for economic-financial protection, thus as not to look kindly on patriarchy and the merging of interests of the upper class and middle class. Convenience marriage was common. Women were deprived of the freedom to earn or inherit money. So marriage for them was a safety

Samuel Noah Kramer was an expert in the Sumerian language and in Sumerian History. Samuel believed that history began at Sumer in 3300 BCE because of the discovery of the Sumerians tablets. The Sumerians were the first major civilization to settle in the area. They spoke a Non-Semitic language unlike the other groups, which were more Semitic. The groups that were Semitic were the Hebrews. We knew the type of language that they spoke because of the tablets that we discovered. Everything that we knew

Located in the central-southern part of the Mesopotamian Valley continued through 11 different dynasties and 120 kings. Babylonia began following the collapse of the Sumerian-Akkadian Empire with the Elamites from Iran ruling Mesopotamia, from 2112 to 2004BC, followed by the Amorites from northern Canaan and Syria who migrated into southern Mesopotamia and took control over the majority of Mesopotamia, in 1894BC. The most successful of the Amorites kings was Hammurabi, ruling from 1792 to 1750BC

round 6300-4500 BCE in what we call the Ubaid period, Mesopotamian society was characterized by mostly egalitarian (because people still hunted) and communally oriented small villages, who did farming as well, with no centralized leadership. Here we see little evidence of social stratification, although a possible architectural differentiation, in which few houses/temples were elevated from ground and used as storage units, had emerged toward the end of period. At this time, certain aspects of material

The Early Dynastic Period from 2900 to 2350BC included such legendary figures as Enmerkar and Gilgamesh who are supposed to have reigned shortly before 2700BC. It was during this time that their writing changed from pictograms to symbols. The center of Sumerian culture remained in southern Mesopotamia. The earliest king who was authenticated by archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish in 2600BC and whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic. Because of the increased violence cities

Oppression of Religion in Iraq The news coming out of Iraq is devastating. The violent extremist group known as Islamic State of Iraq and Greater Syria (ISIS) continues to take over major parts of Iraq, brutally killing and oppressing any and all who come in their way. The Yazidis are predominantly ethnically Kurdish, an ancient community that have been in Iraq for centuries. Historically the Yazidis follow Zoroastrianism and other ancient Mesopotamian religions. Throughout recent history, the Yazidis oppressed

Evolved from tyranny, Iraq currently operates under a government framework resembling a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. Iraq first declared independence from the League of Nations on October 3, 1932. Since then, various steps have been taken to further its government. This includes the transfer of power to the Iraqi Interim Government in 2004 and the establishment of its first constitution in 2005. Now, the Iraqi government is a multi-party system that consists of three

Throughout the entirety of history, rivers have been a staple of civilization. Where water flows, advanced societies follow. This can be seen across the globe. In Egypt, the Nile River helped the Egyptians ascend to one of the great powers of the ancient world. In Southern China, the Yangtze River has allowed the various Chinese dynasties to achieve great accomplishments. Even in our own backyard, the Mississippi River has made trade across the country possible for decades. The same can be said for

his leadership style to the style of Stalin. At first the Iraqi people were accepting of Saddam’s leadership. Although it was a dictatorship, they were seeing progress that they hadn’t seen in the past few leaders. However, like most dictators in history,

would not survive in his position without fear. For example, before he became president, he was the Vice President of Iraq. The president at that time who was Ahmed Hassan Al-bakr was forced to resign by Saddam because Saddam wanted to take his place. After that, President Al-bakr resigned and told the people that Saddam will be the president. According to the article History of Iraq part II: the rise of Saddam Hussein, “Hussein announced

What was Sumer? Sumer was established in 3,500 BCE it was located in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) between the Tigris and the Euphrates River, this is now known as the cradle of civilisation. Sumer was the oldest civilization in the world; it was a highly respected and diverse civilisation. During 18th century BCE, south Mesopotamia was called Babylonia this name had come from the bible as many stories were based in Mesopotamia. Sumerian architecture was the original architecture that many architectures

There have been many religious conflicts throughout the history, but one that was particularly interesting, was the divide between Sunnis and Shiites. The two religions, Sunni Islam and Shiite Islam, split after the death of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H), when Sunni Islam, to keep their tradition, wanted Muhammad’s (P.B.U.H) successor to rule Muslims, while Shiite Islam wanted Prophet Muhammad’s (P.B.U.H) close friend and who they chose leader to rule the Muslims. Since Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) died

Nationalism seeks to conserve or forge the identity of the state by putting the interests of the nation above all else. However, to create and protect this sense of a national identity, some members of a nationalist society are inevitably relegated and deemed to be outsiders. In this way, nationalism promotes the division of a community. Furthermore, this separation of the population, if left unchecked, leads to genocide and ethnic cleansing. Though nationalism does not explicitly intend to harm

One of the biggest controversies surrounding the events of September 11th focuses on whether the Bush administration actually allowed the attacks to occur so that the U.S. could increase its presence in the Middle East to gain control of its resources. This controversy also sparks debate on the validity of the 9/11 Commission Report. The United States has been the main catalyst in destabilizing the middle eastern countries, yet this idea that the U.S. government had a large part in creating the chaos

The Iraqi and Syrian civil wars began in 2014 and 2011 with the advance of jihadist militants groups through Syria and Iraq, who, in conveying their ideology and agendas within both countries, have destroyed important cultural heritage sites and collection. This essay will look at the roles played by antiquities in war zones, looking at specific examples from Syria and Iraq, and the responsibilities of archaeologists in these situations. During the Iraqi and Syrian civil wars, many important cultural

TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THE SECTARIANISM SHAPES THE GEOPOLITICS IN THE REGION? Nature Of Sunni And Shia Sunni and Shia sects both came from the same root, followers of Allah. The rift between the two biggest Muslim factions goes right back to who should succeed the Prophet Mohamed as leader of the emerging Islamic community. Normally, succession would pass to the eldest son of the leader, yet, Mohamed had no son but a daughter. Therefore, it came into an argument after his death in the 7th century. On

Many Middle Eastern monarchs lost their thrones to populist nationalist movements. Yet in the 21st century, a handful of monarchies remain and thrive. Because all of the major surviving monarchies are in the Middle East, many writers point to traditional Islamic rule as the key to the survival of these regimes. Among Middle Eastern monarchies, regime-led state formation and nation building have produced a flexible form of rule that has survived the challenges of rapid development and international

the second largest sect of Islam next to Sunnism. Shi’ism is accountable for more than 10% of the entire Muslim population and has nearly 120 to 130 million members worldwide. It is majorly practiced in places like Iran and Iraq, and also holds a majority in Azerbaijan. History The basic idea of Shiism began after the death of Prophet Mohamed in 632 and originally began as a political division than a practising religious group. Shias believed Ali who is the fourth caliph and son-in-law of Prophet