Abraham Maslow's Theories Of Motivation

This is one of the best known theories of motivation, which was proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943, which indicated that there is a hierarchy of five human needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation (Decker, 2012). Once one of these needs satisfied, it ceases to be a motivator for the individual and the next will be the dominant.

1. Physiological needs. Among these are food, liquids, shelter, sexual satisfaction and other bodily requirements.

2. Security needs: Protection against both physical and emotional risks. They relate to the search for protection against threats and / or deprivation, and to flee from danger.

3. Needs association or acceptance: Affection, feeling of belonging, acceptance and friendship. 4.

While Maslow argues that the progress of individuals increases as ascend the pyramid, as a result of the satisfaction of the lower needs, the ERG theory also adopts the hypothesis of progression of satisfaction, but also presents a hypothesis regression frustration, which means that you can activate a need for lower order, which was already satisfied when a higher order cannot be cover. So, when attempts to meet the needs of personal development are constantly frustrated, the relations needs could become the key motivator once again (Danish, & Usman, 2010). A feature of this theory is the finding that can be activated more than one need at a time.

2.4.2 McClelland Theory of Acquired Needs

This author sought to determine the possible existence of learned reasons influencing the behaviour of people at work, it points out that culture influences people in them increasing their desire to excel, to impose or join their peers (Accel Team, 2006).

Need for achievement or accomplishment, it refers to the drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, a continuous struggle to achieve success

Need for power, refers to the desire of one person by another influence, the need to make others behave in a certain

On the one hand, which is stimulated by the opportunity and willing to work to achieve something and the other party that represents the vast majority, those who really are not interested achieve (Whittington, & Evans, 2005). For over 20 years, psychologists have tried to penetrate the mystery of this dichotomy.

2.4.3 Theory X and Y Douglas McGregor (1960)

He proposed meanwhile, two different points about human nature; on the one hand it refers to the negative, which he put the name of theory X, supposedly where it says that employees are lazy by nature, dislike work, seek to avoid responsibility and to which they must be coercing to perform (Whittington, & Evans, 2005). And the other representing the positive-called theory and of course that states that employees are creative, responsible and able to exercise their own direction.

According to McGregor 's Theory X it is supported by three cases

a) Individuals dislike work and will avoid it as they can.

b) As dislike the work, then they must coerce, control and threaten sanctions to achieve the goals.

c) Derived from the above human beings prefer to be directed, avoiding any responsibility, showing little ambition and above all crave