Literature Review Of Hospital Management

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher has arranged all relevant literature and empirical studies-reviewed under the following schemes:

1) A review of empirical studies in the area of hospital administration arranged chronologically

2) Hospital described as a formal organisation

3) Hospital explained as a psycho-social system.

4) A summary is made of the literature search with regard to the concept and importance of organisational climate, in different disciplines.

5) The structural and functional variables presented in terms of two structural models-

Bureaucratic Model and Human Relations model which forms the basis of the study.

6) The theoretical and empirical literature available in explaining the structural and functional

Some also believe that the origin of the hospital from the word ‘HOSPITUM’ a rest house for travelers or night shelter showing ‘hospitality’ to the guests. Hospital. is a social organisation and logical combination of the activities of a number of persons with different level of knowledge and skills for achieving a common goal of patient care through a hierarchy of authority and responsibility .Organizing is a process of grouping the activities in workable units and connected by authority, communication and control. Organization is the anatomy and Management is the physiology of the process. Organization is the systemic bringing together of interdependent parts to form a unified whole through which authority, control and coordination may be exercised to achieve a given purpose. (Dimock) Organisational structure represented by a basic organisational chart forming the skeleton of the organisation. Organisational functions are carried out by Formalisation and supervision which serves as the muscles and nerves.

Hospitals are service organization

Organization functions-

1. organisation is a mix of product and function where people with similar skills are grouped together to execute activities to achieve organisational objective.

2. In a hospital some part of the organization has scalar type of function while others are informally structured.

3. The hospital

These individuals may be previous or current clinicians, or individuals with other backgrounds. There are two types of administrators, generalists and specialists. Generalists are individuals who are responsible for managing or helping to manage an entire facility. Specialists are individuals who are responsible for the efficient operations of a specific department such as policy analysis, finance, accounting, budgeting, human resources, or marketing.It was reported in September 2014, that the United States spends roughly $218 billion per year on hospital's administration costs, which is equivalent to 1.43 percent of the total U.S. economy. Hospital administration has grown as a percent of the U.S. economy from .9 percent in 2000 to 1.43 percent in 2012, according to Health Affairs. In 11 different countries, hospitals allocate approximately 12 percent of their budget toward administrative costs. In the United States, hospitals spend 25 percent on administrative