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Transtheoretical Model: The Theory Of Planned Behavior

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There are several behaviors change theories that are used as a theoretical framework for health promotion programs. Some of the few theories include; the Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory, Transtheoretical Model, and Theory of Planned Behavior. All of these theories serve a purpose in the health education field, but some have their differences. Factors to take inconsideration when making a decision to change a behavior include; behavior, attitudes, values, and knowledge (Edelman, Kudzma, & Mandle, 2013). These four theories consider these factors to help direct people in changing their own health behaviors. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was created to get a better understanding of why people tend to participate in programs that help to reduce or prevent an illness …show more content…

Attitudes about behavior and subjective norm leads to intention to which it leads to behavior (McKenzie, Neiger, & Thackeray, 2016). People have the perception of what is normal to do in a given situation. One construct of this theory is perceived behavioral control and that looks at the resources and skills necessary to perform the behavior. This is somewhat similar to the concept of self-efficacy because it looks at the person’s ability to perform the behavior based on the resources, skills, and knowledge they may have. One main similarity that all of these health behavior theories have in common is that it focuses on the construct of self-efficacy. Each of the model mentions self-efficacy as one of their core constructs. Self-efficacy is an important factor in a person’s decision to implement a change. Also, all of these models take into considerations of the beliefs, attitudes, values, and information that contribute to a person’s decision to change their behavior. These behavior theories formulate an action plan that helps to motivate a person to achieve a healthier

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While education and knowledge is an important key factor, influences on behavior and motivation can influence change as well. Altering one’s own behavior may require individual support of others. Effects of behavior should also include a basis of evaluation on outcomes of the learning

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For the “Let’s Do This” program focused on reducing and controlling childhood obesity and adult onset of type II diabetes in Point Mar, an instructional strategy – lecture, quiz, games, and brain storming will be utilized. This is based on the Social Cognitive Theory applied to health behavior, which is an evidenced based approach (DiClemente, Salazar, & Crosby, 2013). The reason for utilizing this strategy is that this approach is based on behavioral adaptations that will improve health within the community. In addition, the five key constructs of the social cognitive theory are; knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goal formation, and socio-structural factors (DiClemente, Salazar, & Crosby, 2013). Another reason is that this strategy is a multi-level intervention approach that is aimed at the individual and his immediate social environment (DiClemente, Salazar, & Crosby, 2013), which plays a huge role in the incidence of Childhood Obesity in Vista County, which “Let’s Do This” is striving

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Social cognitive theory (SCT) and the Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) are two often utilized frameworks to comprehend and forecast changes in physical activity behavior. Both theories offer insightful perspectives on the psychological and social elements affecting changes in physical exercise behavior. Which strategy, however, has contributed the most significantly to forecasting increases in physical activity is still up for discussion. In this paper, TTM and SCT will be compared and their individual contributions to the field will be assessed.

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Protection Motivation Theory is based on a framework of fear arousing, however, Theory of Reasoned Action is based on intentions and attitudes. Individuals are more motivated and driven to complete exercise when given health threatening information, rather than relying on their intentions and subjective norms. Therefore subjects with threatening health issues, such as obesity, would respond better to the Protection Motivation Theory and subjects that are generally trying to improve their health/exercise may respond better to the Theory of Reasoned

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This model was proposed by social scientists in 1950. Its objective is to analyze the reason why some people have difficulties to comply with disease prevention approach or why they do not like to do screening test for early detection of diseases. In this particular case, our belief has a major influence on our behavior change. Health belief model has two components. The first component is the desire to be healthy or get better when you become sick, and the second component is the belief that a specific health action can help prevent a disease.

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I strongly value my health and believe that health is our greatest form of wealth. When one lives a healthy lifestyle, it means more opportunities to explore the world, build families, achieving anything the heart desires and conquering personal goals. The behavior change philosophy fits my personal philosophy of health education the most because it involves goal setting, behavioral contracts and self-monitoring to help foster the modification of an unhealthy habit. The behavior change philosophy is very important because change is a process, not an event. Self-efficacy and motivation are key factors in successful behavior changes.

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Consequently, the chance of accomplishing the tasks is increased. Self-efficacy Theory. According to Bandura, the basic idea behind the self-efficacy theory is that performance and motivation are in part determined by how effective people believe they can be (cited in Redmond, 2010). Individuals are more likely to engage in activities for which they have high self-efficacy and less likely to engage in those they do not have (Van der Bijl & Shortridge-Baggett, 2002). This is clearly illustrated in Mahatma Gandhi’s statement: “If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning.”

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This study was conducted within the frame work of the Health Belief Model (HBM) which indicates that the key health beliefs underlying the threat and behavioral evaluations provide a useful framework for understanding individual differences in health behavior and for designing interventions to change behavior. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a popular theory applied to health education and health promotion (52). The underlying assumption of the original HBM is that health behavior is determined by personal beliefs or perceptions about a disease/disorder and the strategies available to decrease its occurrence (53). This Model of explaining human behavior attempts to explain the determinants and factors that influence an individual’s decisions

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Eccles and Wigfield (2002) strongly supported Bandura’s assumption (1994;1999; 2001) in that outcomes expectations as well as efficacy expectations are the precedence of people’ s expectancy beliefs for success. They presume that expectancy beliefs contribute highly in task persistence, setting goals, and investing greater effort. The reciprocal connection between self-efficacy and motivation (Bandura, 1994) are apparently determined by goal attainments, investments of effort, task-persistence, and resilience to failures. From what has been discussed so far in the preceding section, the vast literature of the appraisal of self-efficacy beliefs is grounded correspondingly in attribution theory, goal theory, and expectancy-value theory (cf.

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This theory assumes that human actions are influenced by three kinds of beliefs. Behavioral beliefs are about likely outcome of behavior and normative beliefs represent expectation of others while control beliefs correspond for facilitating and impeding factors. TPB helps to understand how people’s behaviors are influenced by different forces. There can be identified two types of behavior namely deliberate and planned. This theory envisages people’s deliberate behavior.

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Control belief is defined as individual’s self-confidence in his or her ability to perform a behaviour, similar self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977) and perceived facilitation, which is defined as individual’s assessment of the importance of those resources to the achievement of outcomes (Ajzen & Madden, 1986). Figure 2, show that framework that it has an additional variable and it is found more widely used than

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Academic self-efficacy Bandura (1982b, 1997) places great emphasis on self-efficacy as a specific rather than a general concept. In this view, self-efficacy represents a dynamic, multifaceted belief system that operates selectively across different activity domains and under different situational demands, rather than being a decontextualized conglomerate (Bandura, 1997, p.42). Researchers have explored the utility of Bandura’s (1977, 1997) theory of self efficacy in a wide range of settings for understanding behavior for over 20 years. Self efficacy is essentially an individual’s belief in his or her ability to perform a specific task or behavior. Bandura (1997) emphasized that self-efficacy is not a general quality possessed by individuals,

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Our knowledge, skills and outcomes may have created our self efficacy beliefs but the filtering effect ultimately screens, redefines, distorts or reshapes subsequent efforts and new information. Individuals create and develop self perceptions of capability that become instrumental to the goals they pursue and to the control they are able to exercise over the environment. Higher self efficacy means higher persistence. People with high self efficacy attribute failure to effort and with low self efficacy attribute to ability. Collins (1982) found sense of efficacy shapes casual thinking.

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Expectancy Value theory, denotes that ones ability is based on self-perception (Wiggfield & Eccles. 2000). High and low incentive value goals explicate that people will aspire to conquer goals dependent on the value of the incentive with that of the goal value. Situational and environmental attributions have a vast effect on successful motivation. Various studies have been conducted to determine the specific external factors that lead to the decline or subsequent incline of motivation. One such study done by Bandura cited by Merrit & Buboltz (2015) identified nine individual factors in a scale determining the value of self efficacy in an individual the nine separate factors in Bandura’s report were as follows “ enlisting social resources, academic achievement, self-regulated learning, leisure-time skill and extracurricular activities, Self- regulatory efficacy to resist peer pressure, meet others expectations, social self-efficacy, self-assertive efficacy, enlisting parental and community support”.

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Self-efficacy is the confidence in one 's capacity to take activities to deal with a future circumstance (Stump, Husman, Brem, 2012). Self-efficacy has grounded in social learning theory in people, which have fundamental, essential drives (e.g. hunger and thirst) and secondary drives (e.g. rewarded or reinforced behaviors. Self-efficacy is among the optional drives. (Kitching, Cassidy, Eachus, Hogg, 2011) Significance of the study To keep up the significance of self-awareness in the nursing profession (Scheick ,2011) pretend that Nursing students and nurses convey minding to their injured patients as well as on occasion their own uncertain individual stress.

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