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Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing

1269 Words6 Pages

Troy Daum
November 8th, 2017
AEPS 110

The Moral Efficacy of Animal Experimentation on Invertebrates

Animal experimentation is a practice that spans thousands of years and has been crucial to the advancement of scientific knowledge in a broad range of disciplines from health and medicine to genetics. The earliest writings of scientific inquiry through this means traces back to the Ancient Greeks, which describe dissections of farm animals as an “experimental method of testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients” (Greek & Greek 2004). In more recent history, philosophers, animal activists, and scientists alike have called in to question the virtue of certain controversial methods used by researchers to conduct experiments. Organizations such as PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) are well known on the world stage for their …show more content…

Due to the mounting pressure from PETA, and the growing body of legislation in favor of animal rights, scientists now strive to abide by a code of ethics called the Three R’s of animal testing. The Three R’s stand for replacement of outdated methods, reduction of experimental subjects, and refinement of pain reduction strategies (Lockwood 2015). The one that is most pertinent to our discussion here is the first R: replacement, which favors the use of “lower-order animals” i.e. invertebrates who are assumed to have less of a capacity to experience pain and suffering. This paper will attempt to synthesize the ethical arguments for and against the use of invertebrates, particularly insects, in the laboratory and analyze what the

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The new standards stated that three requirements had to be satisfied: (1) “the voluntary consent of the person on whom the experiment is to be performed,” (2) “the danger of each experiment must be previously investigated by animal experimentation,” and (3) “the experiment must be performed under proper medical protection and management” (Washington, 2006, p. 221). These standards were violated when doctors injected Elmer Allen, a black man who had escaped the South and made a good life for himself and his family in Chicago, with plutonium-238 (Washington, 2006). Plutonium-238 is an even more intensely radioactive isotope than plutonium-239, which was given to most of the other patients (Washington, 2006). Allen suffered a similar experience

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This essay will discuss the history of both animals and humans as subjects of biomedical research. It will also discuss how different ethical philosophies view the use of animals and humans as test subjects. It will aim to analyse how legislation in regards to biomedical research has evolved, analysing the existing arrangements and predict how the future of biomedical research will be shaped. Animals have been used as test subjects for biomedical research for over x years. The use of animal subjects has largely been largely successful in advancing scientific progress in the area of biomedical research.

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During the process of growing up, people are often discouraged by the human race when they realize that many of the most respected leaders in society often have a dual personality. When I was a teenager, one of my best friend’s father was a religious leader. To his followers, he presented himself as a devout husband and father. But, as I was exposed to his life at home I came to realize that he struggled with infidelity. “Young Goodman Brown” is the story of a young Puritan man questioning the validity of the inherent goodness of the people he respects.

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On the other hand, animal testing is cruel and inhumane. During animal research, animals are forced into extremely painful experiments. They are subjected to things such as force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation, prolonged periods of physical restraint, infliction of burns and wounds to study the healing process, and multiple others. One of these painful experiments is called The Draize eye test. The site Pro Con explains how this involves scientists clipping rabbits’ eyelids open in order to pour cosmetic products, such as shampoo, into the eyes of the animals (1).

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“There is compelling justification for using animals in laboratory research: Science using animals cures diseases and mitigates the suffering of human beings, among other animals” (Webb). The debates that take place about this controversial topic will remain as there are both pros and cons to killing animals according to some people. One person may find their own animals more imperative than most people. “Johnson feels that the IACUC and other regulatory structures work, helping researchers navigate the ethics of animal research” (Webb). In these two quotes, Webb explains the two controversial topics of animal rights.

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