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Annotated Bibliography

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http://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-014-9329-6
The main purpose of this article was to determine if there was a discrepancy between gays and lesbians raising a child and a man and women raising a child. The key question of this article was, does the wellbeing of a child in a same-sex marriage differ from that of a different-sex marriage? This article was an analysis of the findings and critiques of literature on child wellbeing and same sex parents. Also analyzed were over forty studies on the controversial topic. No study alone perfectly and fully assessed the wellbeing of a child in a same sex family, they instead each had their own strengths and weaknesses. Key conclusions of this article include that children growing up with same-sex parents …show more content…

The United States legalizing gay/lesbian marriage and adoption was a huge step for the LGBT community. Even though people of LGBT can both marry and adopt, some people believe in the myths and stereotypes which suggests that same-sex couples are unfit to be parents. A growing interest in research studies involving LGBT couples and the wellbeing of children leaves people questioning if gay and lesbian couples can be appropriate parents for children.
There are many research studies with evidence as to why same-sex couples are or are not fit to care for a child. One study stated that children growing up with same-sex parents fare just as well as those who grow up with different-sex parents. In one portion of this study, the problem behaviors of both lesbian and straight parented children were analyzed. It was shown that children from both households fared similarly in frequency of substance abuse and delinquent behavior (Manning, W. D). In the same study the wellbeing of the children with same-sex parents were compared to those with different-sex parents under a wide spectrum of measures of wellbeing. These include but are not limited to, academic performance, cognitive and social development, as well as psychological health. All compared measures were again found to be if not the same than similar (Manning, W. …show more content…

The question of if and how this general pattern extends to same-sex families was then examined. Results proved that children in cohabiting households have poorer health outcomes than those in married households (Reczek, C., Spiker, R., Liu, H., & Crosnoe, R. 2016). Historically, we know married couples in the United States have more socioeconomic resources than cohabiting couples. After comparing different and same sex families, it was shown that some of the same sex families had limited access to valuable socioeconomic resources. This is mainly due to disenfranchisement, fear of homophobic treatment within the community, and discrimination specifically in the workplace (Reczek, C., Spiker, R., Liu, H., & Crosnoe, R. 2016). Although these studies are beneficial, they can at times be difficult to conduct. This is due to a few reoccurring limitations within LGBT parental studies. One major limitation of these studies is small sample sizes (Meezan, W., & Rauch, J. 2005). There isn’t necessarily a list of families in which you can draw representative samples, rather they learn about the studies through other means. These small sample sizes of same-sex couples make it difficult to accurately test gender differences among groups (Meezan, W., & Rauch, J. 2005). Limitations also included statistical and

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The question is, is gay parenting better or worse for a child’s life as a whole? “If same-sex marriage does disadvantage to kids in any way,

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In the essay by Chittom and wagner they prove no statistics to back up the case that the children of same-sex couples will have more psychological problems. Gay rights advocates point to studies where it shows that children raised by homosexual parents are no worse off than children in traditional family homes (Wilson, 2015). The children of single parents are raised by one gender and grow up just fine understanding gender roles. In studies proven by research that compared lesbian partners with divorced heterosexual couples,

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In a lesbian couples viewpoint a male role model is someone their children can learn from, look up to and be a positive influence. The authors specifically point out that when conducting this analysis one must not look at the idea that all lesbians hate men but to see their positive views toward men. The authors also found that some lesbian parents depict themselves as good gays, this idea of good gays makes a good gay/bad gay distinction. With this idea of good versus bad it creates marginality and puts gay families up against one another; this makes it hard to get a distinction of what is deemed normal and what is not. Looking at the assimilationist theory one

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569 Words | 3 Pages

Studies gauge that in the vicinity of 1 and 9 million kids in the Unified States have no less than one parent who is lesbian or gay. There are around 594,000 same-sex accomplice family units, as indicated by the 2000 Registration, and there are youngsters living in roughly 27 percent of those families. It is hard to get an exact check of same-sex parent families on the grounds that numerous lesbians and gay men are not open about their sexual introduction because of fears of segregation, for example, loss of business, loss of kid authority, and antigay savagery. There isn't a "standard thing" gay family. Some same-sex couples may choose to include a youngster inside their relationship, while others may bring kids from past hetero or same-sex associations.

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878 Words | 4 Pages

When raised by homosexuals, a child misses out on either a mother or father figure. Boys may find it difficult to relate to only mothers, and girls may find it difficult to relate or to confide in only fathers in a home. Overall, there has been more studies done on lesbian mothers and their kids compared to gay fathers. However, as time goes on, more data has been accumulated for two father houses, since with more freedom, more men are coming out as homosexual. In short, it had been found that these studies had lined up similarly with lesbian mothers raising children, although with one major difference; “Male couples are unable to provide children with the same kind of nurturing and caring available to children raised by mothers.”

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570 Words | 3 Pages

Scientific evidence has made reports on the follow-up of children of same-sex couples for more than twenty years, including homosexual couples who raised children before it was legal, and such evidence has not revealed any difference in these children and children raised by heterosexual couples. In fact, children are more likely to be affected by economic instability, lack of affection or couple conflicts.

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992 Words | 4 Pages

Research has shown that “Same-sex couples are about six times more likely to raise foster youth and four times more likely to raise adopted youth than heterosexual couples... And with nearly 415,000 children in the U.S. foster care system, more help is needed.” (Davis). On top of that, it is already hard for a family that is fostering a child, to know that when you foster, the child you have grown to love and care for may not stay with you, but it is illogical to say that same-sex couples can’t even have that, to foster a child that is waiting for a home. Another thing that often goes unthought of, is that what if a kids who are not part of the majority, and are queer or have a different gender than male or female would be happy, and maybe even feel safer, knowing that they are with a family that will understand, care for, and love them no matter what, instead of casting them out.

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1509 Words | 7 Pages

Same sex parents tend to be more committed in the raising of a child than heterosexual parents because they chose to be parents. Is rare when a gay or lesbian person become parents by accident, compares to the 45% of accidental pregnancy rate among heterosexual. 27% out of this 45% was considered mistimed and 18% unwanted. If you compare the enthusiastic of gay couples when they begin the process of adoption, it is very different from heterosexual adoption. When it comes to the option of adoption it is normally the first option of a gay couple.

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969 Words | 4 Pages

Golombok et al. (2014) found that gay and lesbian parents that lower levels of depression and parental anxiety than did the heterosexual parents. Gay and lesbian families also showed higher levels of expressed warmth. These parents were also found to interact with their children more than were heterosexual parents. Averett et al.

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529 Words | 3 Pages

“The Argument that is most commonly used to denounce gay parenting is not the threat of promiscuity or pedophobia. It is imply old fallback: the importance of two opposite-sex parents.” What people aren’t looking at is that this people are becoming parents by choice not by chance. They put a lot of thought into this, which makes them cherish their kids even more than an average parent, right now at least. Right now it’s hard for them to gain adoption but who knows maybe down the road they will average out like all other things.(Friedrichs)

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496 Words | 2 Pages

Scientific research shows that there are no serious psychological effects on children's lives with gay parents. “Children adopted by lesbian and gay couples develop no differently than children adopted by heterosexual couples” (“Homosexuals should be allowed to adopt” 3). The only difference in straight and gay couples is that there are two moms or two

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1236 Words | 5 Pages

The most debated part of the legalization of gay marriage surely is the idea that gays would become parents and raise children of their own. Clearly, this idea is based on the bias that gays are somewhat mentally different, so they are not fit to become parents. Nevertheless, current studies of same-sex parenting families have presented that nothing abnormal happens

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971 Words | 4 Pages

Notably, homosexual parenting and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) invigorating the concept of two-parent families could be something positive, rather than something considered as stepping away from “traditional family values” (Source A). With this in mind, many children in foster homes can finally be given a home and a family that they have been longing for all these years. In addition, no matter how one may see it, traditional family values does not revolve around the structure of the family alone. It could also be associated with the family’s ideals and beliefs. Furthermore, there are more to same-sex parenting that could be seen as positive.

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476 Words | 2 Pages

Some people believe that same-sex couples are less capable than heterosexual couples. The main concern that many people voice is about the child not having both a father and mother figure in their lives. I interviewed Brenda Hitchins (my former instructor) who is a lesbian mom of one, on the topic of same-sex parenting.

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1080 Words | 5 Pages

According to the Williams Institute, currently throughout the United States, there is around 16,000 LGBT couples that are raising roughly 22,000 or more adopted child in the United States alone (Gates). Even though these statistics may seem high, there are still many individuals that do not have or struggle to get the opportunity to adopt or foster children in the LGBT community. The LGBT community should have equal adoption and fostering rights compared to heterosexual couples. When it comes to adoption, there is a long list of struggles that same sex couples could go through. A struggle these couples could be impacted with is being prohibited to adopt or foster children because religious reasons from the adoption agencies.

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